Currently, congestion in Karachi’s central business district (CBD) is the result of people driving their cars to work. Consequently, a park and ride (P&R) service has proved successful in decreasing traffic congestion and the difficulty of finding parking spaces from urban centers. The travelers cannot be convinced to shift towards the P&R service without an understanding of their travel behavior. Therefore, a travel behavior survey needs to be conducted to reduce the imbalance between public and private transport. Hence, mode choice models were developed to determine the factors that influence single-occupant vehicle (SOV) travelers’ decision to adopt the P&R service. Data were collected by an adapted self-administered questionnaire. Mode choice models were developed through logistic regression modeling by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. The findings concluded that more than 70%, specifically motorbike users, to avoid mental stress, and to protect the environment are willing to adopt the P&R service. Moreover, to validate the mode choice models, logit model training and a testing approach were used. In conclusion, by overcoming these influencing factors and balancing push and pull measures of travel demand management (TDM), SOV users can be encouraged to shift towards P&R services. Thus, research outcomes can support policymakers in implementing sustainable modes of public transportation.

Park-and-ride is a traffic management method of traffic congestion problem in urban areas. As an extent of total demand management, park-and-ride service (P&R service) has broadly implemented in many countries. P&R service has proven to be progressive in alleviating traffic congestion despite of complication in finding parking spaces in the city centers. The objective of this research is to discuss a model to shift car travelers’ to park-and-ride service (P&R service) and to investigate the factors which influence car travelers’ behavior. This study can support policy makers’ with useful information for future planning and development of park-and-ride service. Research outcomes will support policy-making and provide base for future study on modal choice behavior model for park-and-ride service.

Some previous studies show that the majority of the urban planners and urban designers uses subjective measures to assess built environment attributes and neighbourhood walkability in Malaysia. However, those were using objective measures just evaluating one or two attributes of the built environment. Hence this paper focuses on objective measures of several built environment attributes that influence walkability. The paper links various objective measures of attributes of the built environment that influence walkability with objectively measured walkability. For this study data was obtained from Putrajaya review of the master plan and geographical information system data and walking distance obtained from the pedometer. The pedometers were deployed for 7-days period to capture an objective level of walkability. To achieve this study objective, a case study was conducted on three different residential precincts of Putrajaya, Malaysia and a randomly selected sample of 134 respondents from each of these three precincts was collected. To measure built environment attributes objectively, indices were used for quantifying compactness, diversity, accessibility and connectivity. The results indicate that overall indices values of Precinct 18 are high compared to precinct 9 and 8. The daily distance measured by pedometer is also high for Precinct 18. Findings of this study recommend that it is practicable for the urban designers and urban planners to employ these two objective methods. As in this study built environment index results correspond with pedometer recorded distance hence it is concluded that GIS data also has the potential to be used to construct measures of built environment attributes and to develop indices of walkability on neighbourhood scale both in Malaysia as well as in Pakistan.

Bus rapid transit (BRT) system is a sustainable mode choice alternative and traffic management method for traffic congestion problems in urban areas. As an extent of total demand management, BRT has broadly been implemented in many countries. BRT has proven to be progressive in alleviating traffic congestion and the difficulty of finding parking spaces in city centers. Currently, people driving their automobiles to work cause traffic congestion along Karachi’s main corridors. People cannot be persuaded to use public transit until their travel patterns are understood. Therefore, the disparity between public and private transportation must be addressed. This research aimed to develop a model to shift car travelers toward Karachi’s Green Line BRT and investigate the factors that influence car travelers’ decisions. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out on single-occupant vehicle (SOV) users in the Green Line corridor of Karachi. This study investigated the elements that influence SOV users’ willingness to adopt the BRT system and studied the possible ways of attracting car drivers to BRT. Data were examined using descriptive-analytic techniques such as the contingency table approach in conjunction with a Chi-square test of the independence/association model in SPSS. Furthermore, binary logistic regression was applied to the highly mediated associated variables. The research’s outcomes were geared at the imposition of parking fees at workplaces to deter individuals from parking their automobiles there. SOV travelers can be diverted to BRT services using this strategy. The research findings will assist policymakers and serve as a foundation for scientific investigations on the travel demand model for the BRT system.

Time is considered as an important element for rural inhabitants to access different essential activities efficiently. A time-space prism is a tool through which inaccessibility problems of the rural population can be resolved. Hence, the motive of this research is to examine the travel patterns, and to develop a time-space prism for the local population of the study area. The time-space prism was developed from the data, which were collected from the sampled households with the help of a questionnaire survey. This research found that transportation facilities in rural sub-regions could reduce the travel time of people, which could enhance their capability of accessing routine activities within the available time. The accessibility standards can be improved in this way, which can put the positive impacts on the sub-regional economy.

Regional transport accessibility is essential for the socioeconomic development of deprived sub-regions of developing countries, which intended to provide basic access to rural inhabitants. The availabilities of road facility together with transport service are responsible for the provision of basic accessibility to rural inhabitants. Hence, this study reviewed the suitable literature to determine the methods or techniques, which can assist policy makers in their decision-making process targeting rural-regional accessibility issues. This investigation could show a way forward to concerned planning agencies in the execution process of low-cost transport services for the remote sub-regions of developing countries.