Next-generation cellular networks are large-scale systems composed of numerous base stations interacting with many diverse users. One of the main challenges with these networks is their high energy consumption due to the expected number of connected devices. We handle this issue with a coalitional Model Predictive Control (MPC) technique for the case of next-generation cellular networks powered by renewable energy sources. The proposed coalitional MPC approach is applied to two simulated scenarios and compared with other control methods: the traditional best-signal level mechanism, a heuristic algorithm, and decentralized and centralized MPC schemes. The success of the coalitional strategy is considered from an energy efficiency perspective, which means reducing on-grid consumption and improving network performance (e.g., number of users served and transmission rates).

This article presents a novel clustering model predictive control technique where transitions to the best cooperation topology are planned over the prediction horizon. A new variable, the so-called transition horizon, is added to the optimization problem to calculate the optimal instant to introduce the next topology. Accordingly, agents can predict topology transitions to adapt their trajectories while optimizing their goals. Moreover, conditions to guarantee recursive feasibility and robust stability of the system are provided. Finally, the proposed control method is tested via a simulated eight-coupled tanks plant.