This work investigates the effect of single and dual- k spacer materials consisting of different dielectric constants ( k ) in optimized nano-channel gate-stack nanosheet (NS-FET) employing hafnium oxide and silicon dioxide as gate insulator to improve its sub-threshold performance. The effect of the external low-k spacer modification in the dual-k spacer has been shown by adjusting the inner high-k spacer. The drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) in this modification with dual-k spacer is 14 mV/V, which is a significant improvement above single spacer NS-FET. The Visual TCAD 3D Cogenda tool is used to examine the performance of the developed NS-FET with air, single, dual-k, and hybrid spacers. The CADENCE platform is used to perform circuit aspects. Additionally, a comparison of the device architecture’s performance study with respect to DC characteristics is made. DC parameters of the proposed device are established: I_ON to I_OFF ratio of approximately 10 ⁵ , DIBL of approximately 14 mV/V, sub-threshold swing (SS) of approximately 62 mV/dec, and low threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.38 V. The analysis on power consumption for advanced NS-FET is also analyzed with single- k and dual- k spacers. The performance of single- k and dual- k spacer dielectric variation for CMOS inverter is also shown. Furthermore, low power consumption by this NS-FET ensures improved device performance suitable for nanoscale semiconductor industries.

This article explores the Internet of Things (IoT), an innovative technical advancement that utilizes the capabilities of billions of sensors across various applications. Sensors are critical to the IoT environment as they collect crucial data for complex analysis. The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its accompanying sensor technology has significant implications for various fields, including smart urban planning, advanced agriculture, online education, and healthcare. The Internet of Things (IoT) has played a crucial role in tackling worldwide health challenges, notably in the healthcare sector, with a particular emphasis on the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemic has heightened the need for digital and home-based healthcare solutions. The Internet of Things (IoT) enhances healthcare services by providing precise patient monitoring over a unified digital network. This article examines the various uses, technical intricacies, and difficulties that exist in the healthcare field. A thorough investigation was conducted using reputable databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, ACM, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Springer. Relevant keywords directed the search. The narrative highlights and emphasizes the significant impact of IoT on healthcare, explicitly identifying prospective research areas for doctors, scholars, and researchers to overcome obstacles in the field. As anticipated, the Internet of Things (IoT) serves as a guiding light for improved healthcare delivery. The Survey demonstrates that combining IoT with cutting-edge technology enhances computing capacities, emphasizing IoT’s widespread, advantageous, and extensive nature. To summarise, this discussion examines future difficulties and provides valuable solutions to strengthen the healthcare infrastructure led by the Internet of Things (IoT) during the COVID-19 crisis and future health catastrophes.