This study introduces the concept design and analysis of a robotic system for the assistance and rehabilitation of disabled people. Based on the statistical data of the most common types of disabilities in Spain and other industrialized countries, the different tasks that the device must be able to perform have been determined. In this study, different robots for rehabilitation and assistance previously introduced have been reviewed. This survey is focused on those robots that assist with gait, balance and standing up. The structure of the ROAD robot presents various advantages over these robots, we discuss some of them. The performance of the proposed architecture is analyzed when it performs the sit to stand activity.

Los índices de desempeño son importantes herramientas para la planificación de movimientos y el diseño de robots manipuladores. En este trabajo se presenta una colección de algunos de los índices de desempeño que mayor interés han generado en la comunidad dedicada a la robótica. Se presentan índices de desempeño cinetostático, dinámico, de lìmites articulares, e índices definidos sobre el espacio de trabajo. Además, se realiza una revisión sobre las estrategias que se han propuesto para solventar los problemas que aparecen cuando las unidades de los elementos de la matriz Jacobiana no son homogéneas. Al final de este trabajo, proponemos una serie índices de desempeño globales que pueden resultar útiles en el diseño de robots manipuladores

Mobile robotics has been used in recent years to provide various types of services in fields such as agriculture, surveillance, rehabilitation, space exploration, and logistics, among others. In many cases, mobile robots need to overcome complex obstacles where traditional wheels are not the best solution, and many researchers have proposed legged wheel hybrid designs. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the effect of the geometry of legged wheels on the performance of mobile robots in climbing stairs. The method used to develop this research is dynamic simulation, in which the parameters that affect the kinematics and dynamics of the robot are included. Subsequently, the results of how the robot manages to perform the test, the torque of the motors, and the contact force of the wheels are analyzed. The main hypothesis of this research is that the opening of the legs of the wheels is a geometric parameter that determines whether the structure will be able to climb the stairs. After 63 simulations, the proportional relationship between the diagonal of the stands and the opening of the wheel legs ranges between 1.11 and 1.53. This parameter showed a strong correlation with the torque of the motors and significant differences in terms of the simulations that succeeded in climbing the stairs and those that did not. These results were used to state a design method for flat, robotic structures using legged wheels. This method was validated by an additional simulation that was performed for a four-legged wheel. It can be concluded that the contribution of this work is a series of steps with which to design these mechanical structures to climb the stairs based on the proposed indicator.

Los robots submarinos han revolucionado la exploración del fondo marino. Por otro lado, estos robots han permitido realizar operaciones en aguas profundas sin la necesidad de enviar un veh́ıculo tripulado por humanos. El futuro de esta tecnoloǵıa es prometedor. El propo’ito de este documento es servir de primer contacto con este tema y va dirigido a estudiantes de postgrado, ingenieros e investigadores con intere’ en la robótica submarina. Adema’, se reporta el estado actual de los diferentes aspectos que giran alrededor de esta área de la robótica. Underwater robots have considerably changed the exploration of deep sea. Even more, these robots allow performing opera- tions in remote subsea installations. The future of this techno- logy is promising. The purpose of this work is to provide an insight into the subject to postgraduate students, engineers and researchers interested in underwater robotics. Additionally, this work presents a survey of the different subjects that this branch of robotics include.

Over the past decade, noninvasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) leveraging electroencephalography(EEG) to decode gait intention have matured from proof-of-concept studies to nearclinicalimplementations. We systematically reviewed 55 studies (January 2015-April 2024) usingPRISMA guidelines, focusing on neurophysiological markers (MRCPs, ERD/ERS, high-γ), signalprocessing pipelines (artifact suppression, time-frequency transforms), machine-learning classifiers(CSP-SVM, ERD SVM), and deep-learning frameworks (spatio-spectral CNNs, LSTM RNNs). Acrossstudies, median classification accuracy rose from 75% (2015-2018) to 87% (2021-2024), while detectionlatency fell below 200ms. Innovations include enhancing intention detection with emotionevokingmusic stimuli (up to early ERD and improved accuracy), decoding pediatric gait kinematicswith state-space models (r = 0.71 hip, 0.59 knee), and session-to-session transfer learning withoutrecalibration (≤4% performance drop). Challenges remain in artifact mitigation, small sample sizes,and limited multi-centre trials. We propose open, standardized datasets, transfer-learning pipelines,and larger clinical validations to accelerate translation.