In the first part of the present work, we determined for the first time the electrodeposition mechanism of a polyaniline film on the ITO (Indium tin oxide) substrate in an acidic medium (HNO ₃ 1 M ) using chronoamperometry. The analysis of the ascending parts and maxima of the current density-time transients and the images obtained by the SEM technique, allowed us to deduce that the polyaniline electrodeposition follows the mechanism of progressive 3D nucleation and growth. In the second part, we have studied, by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge, the effect of electropolymerization potential (0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 V) on the specific capacitance of the films. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the specific capacitance increases from 4.28 mF cm ⁻² (deposition potential 0.8 V/SCE) to 43.12 mF cm ⁻² (potential 1.2 V/SCE) for a scan rate of 5 mV/s. The specific capacitance decreases sharply with the scan rate for the deposition potentials 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 V/SCE, whereas it remains almost constant for the films obtained at 0.8 and 0.9 V/SCE. A similar behaviour was obtained by galvanostatic charge-discharge: the specific capacitance increases from 4.14mF cm ⁻² (0.8 V/SCE) to 60.60 mF cm ⁻² (1.2 V/SCE) for the discharge current density 0.1 mA cm ⁻² .

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils (EOs) from five Moroccan thyme species: Thymus broussonetii subsp. broussonetii, T. maroccanus, T. willdenowii, T. zygis subsp. gracilis, and T. satureioides, collected from various geographical regions. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified thymol, p-cymene, borneol, γ-terpinene, carvacrol, α-pinene, and camphene as major constituents, with variations across species. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) revealed important levels of calcium (450.6–712.2 mg/kg), potassium (255.4–420.7 mg/kg), magnesium (97.3–150.7 mg/kg), and iron (1.95–15.1 mg/kg). The EOs demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii revealed the highest efficacy with T. willdenowii EO (LC₅₀ = 6.2 µL/mL), followed by T. maroccanus and T. zygis subsp. gracilis. Additionally, the EOs exhibited potent enzyme inhibitory effects at 1 mg/mL on acetylcholinesterase (83.1–96.4%), tyrosinase (77.5–89.6%), and α-glucosidase (79.4–89.5%). These findings suggest that thyme EOs, particularly from T. willdenowii, T. zygis, and T. maroccanus, are promising candidates for integrated pest management and natural enzyme inhibitors. Their potential applications in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields underscore the need for further research to optimize their use under specific conditions and dosages.

Electrochemical performances of three electrodes (E) fabricated using activated carbons (AC) derived from agricultural biomass waste, specifically argan husks (ah), date seeds (ds) and olive stones (os), denoted ACah-E, ACds-E and ACos-E respectively were evaluated. These activated carbons were produced through a combination of thermal and chemical methods, involving carbonization for 2 hours at a temperature of 900 °C, followed by chemical activation using phosphoric acid as the activating agent. The scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the obtained samples exhibited variable pore size distributions tailored based on the raw materials activated by the same process. Subsequently, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electro­chemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the electrochemical performances of ACah-E, ACds-E and ACos-E as supercapacitor electrodes. The results revealed that the ACah-E, ACds-E and ACos-E cells have specific capacitances of 138.26, 50.41 and 34.61 F/g, respectively. These results were found to be influenced by the specific surface areas, which were 476 m²/g for ACah, 441 m²/g for ACds and 362 m²/g for ACos, as determined by the BET method. The behaviour of electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC) in acidic aqueous electrolyte (1 M H2SO4) is demonstrated by these findings, which suggest that the waste materials used may also be prospective candidates for supercapacitor applications, with the best performance for ACah-E than other.