This paper investigates sustainable urban aspects of the Great Bazaar of Tabriz (GBT) in Iran, classified as the world’s largest covered bazaar. Qualitative and statistical research methods employed to analyze the sustainable features of the (GBT) and compare them against four dimensions of the sustainable development model. The results of the public satisfaction survey employed, calculated using SPSS for the GBT, show that the majority of approximately 78% of the interviewees are satisfied with the bazaar’s environment, whereas a minority of approximately 16% declared that they are less happier with the environment. Accordingly, the ‘friendly atmosphere’ has the highest impact on satisfaction with approximately 92%, and the ‘role of trade unions’, with approximately 54%, is the lowest factor impacting public satisfaction with the bazaar’s spatial configurations. Historical and vernacular architectural elements are the main strength of the GBT; the lack of infrastructures to expand e-commerce activities is seen as a weakness; the potential grow number of costumer shopping at the GBT is identified as an opportunity, and international sanctions are interpreted as a threat. Finally, recommendations regarding a more comprehensive approach toward the sustainability of the GBT and the flourishing tourism activity in the Tabriz, in general, are presented.

This study provides an overview and comparative analysis of sustainable urban mitigation strategies to address heat-related mortalities and thermal discomfort. Employing a comprehensive literature review and quantitative analysis, it evaluates various interventions—including green infrastructure, building materials, urban morphology, and technological innovations—alongside their impacts on mortality rates. A novel methodology is proposed for assessing the relationship between urban design factors and heat stress-related health outcomes, with attention to vulnerable populations. Key findings reveal that each 0.1 increase in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) reduces heat-related mortality by 6–10% in low-GDP regions, while medical strategies such as warning systems and cooling centers lower mortality by 10–30%. However, emerging technologies like PV panels and AAHPs show localized temperature increases of up to 0.9℃. This paper highlights the critical role of balanced urban strategies to mitigate adverse effects of climate change, offering practical insights for policymakers, urban planners, and public health officials seeking sustainable solutions.