Nowdays, obesity is considered a health problem worldwide which predisposes to development of various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer among others, as well as, psychological disorders as depression. This condition has been increased through the time because of changes in lifestyle and modification in feeding type. This review provides an update of recent studies about obesity consequences on health and how a healthy diet, including dietary fiber, can helps to keep a healthy body weight and avoiding several diseases related to this condition. Several studies have reported that a healthy and balanced diet helps to control human weight, added to this, a diet rich in dietary fiber (from natural sources or produced biotechnologically) helps to keep a body weight regulation, control of lipid and triglycerides levels because of its chemical, physical and biochemical features. One of the these features is hormonal regulation through dietary fiber consumption, in as much as that several appetite and satiety hormones in the organism are activated in presence of dietary fiber and provides an effect of satiety which causes a decrease in food consumption. Therefore, consumption of dietary fiber of several sources could be an alternative for controlling obesity-related diseases and preventing this condition.

In agriculture, weed management is a significant concern because their uncontrolled proliferation decreases soil quality for food crops. Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon in which the activity of allelochemical compounds inhibits the germination and growth of invasive plants as a defense mechanism. Among allelochemicals are polyphenols, which may affect genetic material or crucial enzyme activities for proper physiological function. Agroindustrial residues are a vast source of polyphenolic compounds with allelochemical activity. The bagasse of Agave Lechuguilla, known as guishe, is an abundant residue in México. The guishe has been characterized before by its polyphenolic content. Based on that, a fungal bioconversion process was developed to increase the availability of the allelochemicals in the guishe juice. First, guishe juice was obtained by mechanical pressed and characterized by spectrophotometric analysis. Results showed (g/L): 5.62 flavonoids, 0.64 of hydrolyzable polyphenols, 12.67 of reducing sugars, and 23.3 total sugars. The compounds detected by HPLC-ESI-MS were pterostilbene, hydroxycaffeic, caffeoyltartaric, and 4-O-glucoside coumaric acids, considered allelopathic. After the fungal bioprocess, (+)-gallocatechin and 3,7-Dimethyl quercetin were detected as additional compounds of interest. The flavonoid and hydrolyzable polyphenol content were modified to the highest accumulation of 1.57 and 14.9 g/L at 72 h, meaning a 2.45- and 2.22-fold increase. A bioprocess guishe juice (BGJ) was obtained at the compound accumulation peak of 72 h and evaluated in an allelopathic assay on model seeds (tomato and corn). Results show that BGJ inhibits up to 96.67% of corn seeds and up to 76.6% of tomato seeds compared to positive control.