The calculation of weight and mass in aquaculture systems is of great importance, since with this task, it is decided when to harvest; generally, the above is manipulating the body manually, which causes stress in the fish body. Said stress can be maintained in the fish body for several hours. To solve this problem an improved method was implemented using artificial intelligence, near-infrared spectroscopy camera, Haar classifiers, and a mathematical model. Hardware and software were designed to get a photograph of the fish in its environment in real conditions. This work aimed to obtain fish weight and fish length in real conditions to avoid the manipulation of fish with hands for the process mentioned, avoiding fish stress, and reducing the time for these tasks. With the implemented hardware and software adding an infrared light and pass band filter for the camera successfully, the fish was detected automatically, and the fish weight and length were calculated moreover the future weight was estimated.

Aquaculture waters can be associated with the modification of the phytochemical profile in plants when they are used for irrigation; thus, Integrated Agri-Aquaculture Systems such as aquaponics represent a strategy to improve the bioactive content of medicinal plants. This study aimed to analyze the effect caused by cultivation using aquaponics on the modification of the content of bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, and apigenin in Cuphea hyssopifolia and Cuphea cyanea irrigated with Cyprinus carpio waters. The results of each culture method showed unique differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the concentrations of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in Cuphea spp. For C. hyssopifolia in aquaponics, 76% (61.08 ± 7.2 mg g⁻¹ GAEq) of phenols and 50% (5.62 ± 0.5 mg g⁻¹ CAEq) of flavonoids were maintained compared to 20% (16.99 ± 0.4 mg g⁻¹ GAEq) of phenols and 76.5% (8.19 ± 1.6 mg g⁻¹ CAEq) of flavonoids in conventional culture. For C. cyanea in aquaponics, 91% (15.36 ± 0.8 mg g⁻¹ GAEq) of phenols and 47% (3.52 ± 0.6 mg g⁻¹ CAEq) of flavonoids were maintained compared to 24% (14.11 ± 1.3 mg g⁻¹ GAEq) of phenols and 82% (1.79 ± 0.1 mg g⁻¹ CAEq) of flavonoids in conventional culture. An increase of more than 60% in the apigenin content of C. hyssopifolia in aquaponics confirms a eustress effect related to the use of organically enriched waters. The results indicate that aquaponics can promote the biostimulation/elicitation of medicinal plants and increase their bioactive compounds, but this effect does not occur in the same way between species.

Meeting the demand for food through sustainable agro-industrial systems has become a concern due to the current state of the planet’s natural resources, population growth, and climate change. To address this, the 2030 Agenda has laid out several strategies to enhance human well-being and protect the planet. This paper focuses on Goal 2, which aims to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. The first three targets of this goal are as follows: 2.1, ending hunger and ensuring access to nutritious food; 2.2, ending all forms of malnutrition; and 2.3, doubling the agricultural productivity of small-scale food producers. The purpose of this manuscript is to demonstrate how aquaponics can positively impact these three targets by guaranteeing food security through the production of high-quality protein. Aquaponic crops are enriched with organic nutrients from the water they grow in. This not only increases their nutrient content but also their bioactive molecule content, making them excellent for fighting hunger and malnutrition. Moreover, these practices can be adjusted to different scales, making them a viable option for small farmers, women, and rural communities to produce their own food. Consequently, aquaponics can play a crucial role in achieving Zero Hunger locally, with appropriate support.

El estado actual de los 9 límites planetarios junto con la tasa de crecimiento de la población mundial nos ha alertado para reconsiderar cómo se utilizan los recursos para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos a través de sistemas agroindustriales sostenibles. Con solo el 0,01% del volumen total del mundo, el agua dulce juega un papel fundamental en la estabilidad y el funcionamiento de cualquier biosistema. El manejo inadecuado que se le ha dado a este recurso sumamente valioso ha provocado que su espacio operativo esté en el umbral de lo seguro y esté a punto de entrar en la zona de incertidumbre. Las acciones presentadas por Naciones Unidas en la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible son una estrategia para reducir y corregir algunos de estos problemas interrelacionados. El objetivo 6 de este documento- Agua Limpia y Saneamiento- busca garantizar la disponibilidad y la gestión sostenible del agua y el saneamiento para todos, sin embargo, este aún no se ha cumplido. Por ello, es fundamental seguir agotando propuestas de posibles soluciones a estos asuntos. La acuaponía, un sistema sostenible de producción de alimentos, se basa en el suprarreciclaje del agua, la reutilización de nutrientes y la reducción de aguas residuales con un sentido orgánico. Por lo anterior, el propósito de este artículo es analizar los beneficios que se pueden obtener del uso de sistemas acuapónicos para acelerar parcialmente el cumplimiento de los objetivos 6.3, 6.4, 6.5 y 6.a en el área de mejorar la calidad del agua reduciendo la contaminación, eliminando los vertidos y minimizando la liberación de productos nocivos, reduciendo a la mitad la proporción de aguas residuales sin tratar y aumentando sustancialmente el reciclaje y la reutilización segura.

This study evaluated productive performance, nutrient use efficiency, and nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance in an intensive aquaponic polyculture system combining Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) under high biomass density (40 kg m⁻³). Nine treatments were established through a 3 × 3 factorial combination of fish (tilapia:catfish = 75:25, 50:50, 25:75) and plant (lettuce:spinach = 75:25, 50:50, 25:75) species ratios and evaluated over three consecutive 60-day production cycles. Nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies differed significantly among treatments, reaching maximum values above 50% for NUE and 47% for PUE in catfish-dominant systems with higher spinach proportions, indicating improved nutrient recovery and reduced losses. These treatments also produced greater fish biomass, whereas lettuce-dominant combinations favored plant yield. Water quality remained within acceptable ranges, although higher catfish proportions were associated with lower dissolved oxygen and increased nitrogen availability. Overall, results demonstrate that optimizing fish–plant species ratios enhances nutrient retention and sustainable productivity in intensive aquaponic systems. Future research should explore adaptive species ratio management and economic feasibility to support large-scale implementation of polyculture aquaponics.

Extracellular poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) produced by Bacillus species demonstrates significant antibacterial properties, positioning it as a promising candidate for diverse biomedical and industrial applications. This study focused on molecular identification of Bacillus subtilis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and evaluated the initial production of γ-PGA from a novel biological source of Bacillus subtilis. Shake flask fermentation was utilized for γ-PGA production, with three distinct growth media (Tryptic, MRS, and Mineral medium) assessed for their efficiency in polymer yield. Characterization of γ-PGA was conducted through FT-IR, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups such as carbonyl, amide, and hydroxyl groups. HPLC and GC-MS analyses provided insights into the polymer’s purity and molecular composition, highlighting components like methyl esters, hexanoic acid, and monomethyl esters. Furthermore, the study quantified γ-PGA production during a four-day shake flask fermentation period. These findings contribute significantly to bacterial characterization, optimization of fermentation processes, and the exploration of γ-PGA’s potential as an antibacterial agent. Future research directions include refining purification techniques to enhance γ-PGA’s antibacterial efficacy and expanding its applications across various fields.