Video surveillance is an integral part of the contemporary world. Its use increases the sense of security but also generates certain risks. Laws do not always clearly and comprehensively define the rules for installing and using video surveillance and different rules are adopted in different countries to address these issues. This article presents an analysis of statistical data concerning urban video surveillance as a tool to improve the security of public spaces in the city of Katowice using the example of the operation of the Katowice Smart Surveillance and Analysis System. By presenting the operation of video surveillance in two different time periods, it was possible to assess the effectiveness of urban video surveillance for the security of public spaces in terms of particularly onerous crimes. The technical and organizational solutions applied, as in the case of the Katowice Smart Surveillance and Analysis System, made it possible to assess the impact of the operation of the system on offenses and the number of legal proceedings.

Binary halftone chromeless PSM (CLM) can be described as a 100% transmission attenuated PSM (attPSM). The term 'binary halftone' refers to a novel OPC application to achieve the necessary CD control across the full feature-pitch range. We find that CLM is very complimentary -- with high numerical aperture (NA) and with off-axis illumination (OAI). In our wafer-printing experiment, we have achieved 70 nm through- pitch printing performance, using a KrF resist process. This was done in combination with a rule-based SB-OPC approach. At least 0.4 micrometer overlapped DOF with more than 6% exposure latitude has been attained for sub-100 nm printed features. For 2D complex patterns, we have observed a very strong optical proximity effect. CLM appears to be more sensitive to proximity effects, but less sensitive to lens aberration effects. Further experimentation and verification is required. Current mask-making processes appear to be capable of manufacturing CLM. We conclude that CLM has great potential to achieving production-worthy (lambda) /4 (or 0.2k₁) lithography. The technology risk is neither in mask making nor in application software, but may be in reticle inspection and repair.

Corner rounding and edge roughness of a rectangular opening at a glass-chrome mask are simulated with TEMPEST. The intensity patterns on the image plane are extracted and compared for these defects at several degrees of fabrication-induced imperfection. A 4X - DUV lithography printing system is assumed with NA equals 0.6 and (sigma) equals 0.5. The prototypical geometry simulate was a 4 micrometers X 1 micrometers line on the mask. The results indicate that the rounding of the corners does not decrease the printed area by more than 2 percent for a 0.4 micrometers radius corner rounding and that roughness should not be a concern, at least in DUV, since it does not crucially affect the linewidth of the printed area.

Full assurance of safety during mass events is a complex process, subject to provisions of generally applicable law. These provisions regulate in detail all basic obligations and requirements provided for this particular kind of events. However, in the course of time some of the regulations provided for in the Polish legal system gave rise to doubts about their specificity. In this paper the authors discuss and clarify the areas which are necessary to ensure the highest level of safety of sports events i.e. the circulation of information during the preparation, organization and execution phase of the event, organization of evacuation as well as cooperation of organizers with entities designated for protection. The study is of utilitarian character and it encourages extensive discussion related to the field of provision of safety during sports events.

Praxeology has accounted for a significant amount factors and information into the field of people’s leadership through scientific and management sections. The terms that constitute the Praxeology language have become universal in the management environment of practitioners and theorists. In the Polish thought devoted to scientific foundations of management, among others, praxeological definition of an organisation by T. Kotarbiński, has become universal. The organisation is an open and operating social system, which consists of people who perform in it specified functions and activities and who by means of carefully selected resources and methods are able to perform assigned tasks. Organisations are characterized by a specific structure in which hierarchical arrangement and structure can be separated. Therefore, is there in a such hierarchical organization leadership, management or command?

Publisher: Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija, Journal: Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, Title: The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Impact of Passenger air Transport in Europe on Crude Oil Prices in Terms of Economic Security, Authors: Szymon Mitkow, Bartosz Kozicki, Patrycja Bryczek-Wróbel, Robert Socha, Anna Ostrowska-Dankiewicz , The study presents a multidimensional comparative analysis of two dependent variables: the number of passengers transported by air in 28 European countries and the price of one barrel of crude oil in dollars. The conducted analysis shows that in the historical data concerning the identical periods (months) in both tested series, dependencies can be found. This allowed for the construction of a zero-one multiple regression model in order to confirm the impact of the number of passengers travelling by air on the price of one barrel of crude oil and describe this phenomenon with an analytical function.