Wireless power is one of the new promising technologies for IoT applications. The use of arrays for power transfer to free-moving objects has revolutionized wireless power transmission (WPT) applications. Herein, we present an extendable platform for transmitting power to a moving object receiving power from an array. The transmitter (TX) consists of two overlapping layers of square planar coils rotated 45 degrees to each other to provide the best electromagnetic flux coverage. Each layer consists of four coils to further control the power supply to the small receiver (RX) coil. This overlapping star-shaped array is stimulated automatically by a power amplifier. This smart stimulation can deliver uniform power to the receiver regardless of rotation and misalignment inconsistencies by using the geometry of the transmitter array. Moreover, by changing the direction of the current of each small square component in each array using the flower-shaped current, a receiver coil perpendicular to the transmitter’s plate can obtain power comparable with conventional structures. We use ADS-HFSS simulation to verify the fabrication and measurement results. The proposed transmitter achieves an average of 18.2% power transfer efficiency (PTE) to RX and at 90° angular misalignment, 11.5% PTE, while the conventional structure transfers no power to the perpendicular RX coil. A future application of the transmitter can be the investigation of the neurobehavioral of free-moving animals and brain–machine interface studies in medicine.

This paper presents an innovative T/Y-maze-based wireless power transmission (WPT) system designed to monitor spatial reference memory and learning behavior in freely moving rats. The system facilitates uninterrupted optical/electrical stimulation and neural recording experiments through the integration of wireless headstages or implants in T/Y maze setups. Utilizing an array of resonators covering the entire underneath of the mazes, the wireless platform ensures scalability with various configurations. The array is designed to ensure a natural localization mechanism to localize the Tx power toward the location of the Rx coil. The system is analyzed and modeled using ANSYS HFSS software to optimize design. The primary goal was to achieve uniform wireless power delivery throughout the mazes through a comparative study of different transmitter (Tx) array configurations, such as float, series, and parallel resonators. The calculated Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in rat tissue model equals 1.7 W/kg at the power carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz. A prototype of the proposed maze-based WPT design, featuring 8 Tx resonators, a Tx coil and power amplifier, and a headstage power harvesting unit, is successfully implemented and its performance characterized for all three resonator configurations. The implemented T maze-based WPT system has a total length of 128 cm. In the overlapping Tx resonators configuration, a homogeneity of 94% is achieved for the measured power transfer efficiency at over 30%, while continuously delivering over 60 mW for series configuration.

This article presents a novel wireless power transmission scheme designed for moving loads. Specifically focused on compensating for the tilt misalignment of the receiver. By utilizing phase-shifted excitation signals from an array of transmitters, the proposed scheme effectively mitigates the impact of misalignment, locally. The application of this scheme holds particular relevance for studying the behavior of moving animals in cognitive research. The system incorporates a cage with two transmitter arrays positioned on the top and bottom sides. To smart determining the receiver's position, the proposed structure utilizes current feedback from the driving circuits and employs SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification algorithms for positioning. Furthermore, when the receiver coil is tilted, a phase shift mechanism significantly enhances the power delivered to the receiver. Additionally, the use of an overlapped transmitter array enhances rotation tolerance and improves the uniformity of the magnetic fields for moving objects. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated through extensive simulations and measurements using a fabricated prototype. Notably, the designed system achieves a power delivery of 296 mW to the load at a 90° angular misalignment, compared to 1.67 µW delivered by conventional array system.

We propose an induction link based on overlapping arrays to eliminate blank spots on the electromagnetic field for moving object applications. We use two arrays of four aligned coils that have a 50% overlap between the two plates. This mechanism compensates for the internal coil power drop at positions in the boundaries between two adjacent external coils. We showed that if these plates are excited, a uniform electromagnetic field is created in the movement direction of the moving object. This uniform electromagnetic field distribution will result in a constant receiving power at all points in the path of the moving internal coil with the same power consumption of one coil excitation. Power delivery to the moving object tolerance reaches 10% at most, while, in non-overlapped scenarios, it is approximately 50%. In addition, according to the theoretical calculations, printed circuit coils (PCB) for the array are designed for maximum efficiency. We found that the change in distance and dimensions of the receiver coil has a linear effect on power and efficiency. Moreover, a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) simulation was performed for biocompatibility. In this paper, we investigate and record a 68% electrical power efficiency for the fabricated system. The array consists of eight transmitters coils of the same size and shape and a receiver coil at a distance of 4 cm. Furthermore, the fabricated coil has shown improved efficiency compared to similar studies in the literature and introduces a promising structure for bio-test applications.

The low operating temperature of nanowire gas sensors along with their high surface-to-volume ratio are two factors that make gas sensors more practical. In this paper, the growth of ZnO nanowires on a vertically aligned CNT forest is reported. The utilized method for ZnO growth was a rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal route, which facilitates low-temperature and ultra-fast fabrication. Organic vapor sensing properties of fabricated samples were studied in response to different alcoholic vapors at a wide operating temperature range of 25 to 300 °C. Enhancement of the gas response was observed with increasing operating temperature. Moreover, the effect of the ZnO nanowire length on organic vapor sensing properties of CNT-ZnO samples was investigated. Results proved that CNT-ZnO samples with long ZnO wires exhibit higher sensitivity to examined analytes. Different length ZnO nanowires were attained via variation of the microwave exposure time and power. Fabrication parameters were selected based on numerous runs. The length of ZnO synthesized at each distinct run was calculated based on SEM micrographs of the samples.

The convergence of memristor technology and neuromorphic computing represents a paradigm shift in the field of electronics and artificial intelligence (AI). Memristors, with their ability to remember past electrical states, offer a fundamental building block for the realization of energy-efficient and adaptive electronic systems. Meanwhile, neuromorphic computing, inspired by the brain's architecture and functionality, aims to emulate its efficiency and adaptability in electronic circuits. This paper introduces a mathematical model, the Hodgkin-Huxley model, to describe the behavior of metal halide perovskite (MHP) memristors within the framework of neuromorphic computing. By extending a set of nonlinear differential equations and implementing them in Verilog-A code, the model facilitates the simulation and analysis of perovskite memristors within electronic circuits. Through comprehensive simulations, the model successfully reproduces both volatile and nonvolatile switching behaviors observed in perovskite-based memristors, demonstrating its versatility and applicability in electronic circuit design. The simulation results demonstrate that with appropriate excitation, the output current in the memristor nonlinearly tracks the input voltage, resulting in the observation of the initial high-resistance (HRS) state and the low-resistance state (LRS) in the presented structures. Moreover, Altering the scan and range of the input voltage can subsequently modify the resistance of the memristors and the threshold voltage. The design is presented, along with its corresponding simulation results using the Cadence Virtuoso toolset. The proposed MHP memristors structure combines the density and scalability advantages of memristive crossbar arrays with the feasibility of implementing them at the top of the CMOS layer. These findings offer insights into the potential of perovskite memristors to revolutionize various fields, including artificial intelligence, energy-efficient computing architectures, and adaptive signal processing. This breakthrough promises to accelerate the development of next-generation electronic systems, bringing us closer to realizing the full potential of memristor-based technologies.