Hydroxyapatite has the closest chemical composition to human bone. Despite this, the use of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to produce biocomposite scaffolds from a mixture of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) using cold isostatic pressing has not been studied intensively. In this study, biocomposites were created employing nHA as an osteoconductive filler and a polymeric blend of PLA and PCL as a polymer matrix for prospective usage in the medical field. Cold isostatic pressing and subsequent sintering were used to create composites with different nHA concentrations that ranged from 0 to 30 weight percent. Using physical and mechanical characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and density, porosity, tensile, and flexural standard tests, it was determined how the nHA concentrations affected the biocomposite’s general properties. In this study, the presence of PLA, PCL, and nHA was well identified using FTIR, XRD, and SEM methods. The biocomposites with high nHA content showed intense bands for symmetric stretching and the asymmetric bending vibration of PO₄³⁻. The incorporation of nHA into the polymeric blend matrix resulted in a rather irregular structure and the crystallization became more difficult. The addition of nHA improved the density and tensile and flexural strength of the PLA/PCL matrix (0% nHA). However, with increasing nHA content, the PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites became more porous. In addition, the density, flexural strength, and tensile strength of the PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites decreased with increasing nHA concentration. The PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites with 10% nHA had the highest mechanical properties with a density of 1.39 g/cm³, a porosity of 1.93%, a flexural strength of 55.35 MPa, and a tensile strength of 30.68 MPa.

Polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are synthetic polymers that are extensively used in biomedical applications. However, the PLA/PCL blend produced by ball milling, followed by pressure compaction and sintering, has not been extensively explored. The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of the composition of biomaterials derived from PLA and PCL prepared by ball milling, followed by pressure compaction and sintering, on mechanical and physical properties. PCL and PLA with various concentrations were blended utilizing a ball milling machine for 2 h at an 80-rpm rotation speed. The obtained mixture was placed in a stainless steel 304 mold for the compacting process, which uses a pressure of 30 MPa to create a green body. The sintering procedure was carried out on the green body created at 150 °C for 2 h using a digital oven. The obtained PLA/PCL blend was tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density, porosity, and three-point bending. Following the interaction between PCL and PLA in the PLA/PCL blend, the FTIR spectra and XRD diffractograms obtained in this work revealed a number of modifications in the functional groups and crystal phase. The 90PLA specimen had the best mechanical properties, with a maximum force and displacement of 51.13 N and 7.21 mm, respectively. The porosity of the PLA/PCL blend decreased with increasing PLA concentration so that the density and flexural properties of the PLA/PCL blend increased. The higher PCL content decreased the stiffness of the PLA molecular chain, consequently reducing its flexural properties.

Traffic accidents in Central Java contribute to fractures or fractures of 1,770 people. Broken bones that often occur in the femur or thigh bone. Recovery of fractured femur or fracture using internal plate and screw fixation. Metal implants and screws have deficiencies in implant migration, discomfort, pain, allergies, and large costs. From this deficiency, biodegradation polymer materials are now being developed. Strength without taking after bone healing, reducing operating costs, traumatic patients, comfortable, and painless, but has a lack of low mechanical strength and lack of precision. From the background above, research is focused on making high precision implant plates and screws from CT-Scan image data of patients using 3D printing machines in femoral bone applications. The research method uses screw extrusion method for making 3D printer filaments to make plate and screw internal fixation implants. Materials used by PLLA, PLC, HA bovine and PLA by testing mechanical properties. The results for the composition of the filament biodegradation mixture for the most optimal filament are F1 code test specimens with a percentage of synthetic polymer content and Ha Bovine 80:20. The best density and porosity are owned by the test specimen F1 / 300N code. The density of 0.365 g/cm3 with 2.750% porosity makes the buckling strength better and the maternal degradation is longer. Melting temperature (Tm) that corresponds to a 3D printer machine is theF3 test specimen code at 305°C melting temperature. So that this test specimen supports 3D printer machines.

The local furniture industry is unable to compete with Chinese products, one of which is a furniture producer in Sekuro Village, Mlonggo District, Jepara Regency, Central Java. The problems faced are relatively high prices, ancient designs, old processes, conventional machines, and low quality of human resources (HR). The purpose of this community service is the dissemination of lathe technology, from conventional to automatic. The community service method is carried out by training on the design of a CNC wood lathe and its use. Productivity is measured based on the feed rate of a CNC wood lathe to surface roughness and processing time. As a result, the highest surface roughness is in the CNC 1 lathe process with a feed rate of 80 m/min 13.24 m. Meanwhile, based on time, CNC wood lathe is more efficient than manual by 37% with a feed rate of 60 m/min for 25:35 minutes. In addition, CNC wood lathe results are more precise, the outer surface is smoother, and the processing time is faster.

The recovery of a fractured femur using the plate and screw internal fixation. The plate internal fixation is made of metal has good mechanical strength, but causes allergic reactions, secondary surgery, stress shielding and high costs. Evaluation of the lack of metal, now developed biodegradable polymers use Polylactide (PLA) and Poly ɛ-caprolactone (PCL). The advantages of PLA and PCL materi-als can control the rate of degradation and increase mechanical strength. Manufac-turing processes of the plate fixation internal using cold isotactic pressing. Inde-pendent variable on the PLA/PCL blends from 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 wt% and tested for FTIR, XRD, SEM, density and porosity. Result from adding PCL make the degree of crystallinity is decreased significantly. The formation of semi-crystalline the with peak width smaller and the crystal size bigger in the 60PLA sample. PLA/PCL blends largely formed bonding and some immiscibility in the form of small flakes and cavities after the addition of PCL content. Large cavities reduce density and increase porosity which can affect mechanical proper-ties. 90PLA sample has high density and low porosity of 1,186 g/cm3 and 4% porosity, respectively.