This study reports the development and optimization of a Melissa officinalis oil-based nanoemulgel for transdermal delivery using a Design-of-Experiments (DoE) approach. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize Tween 80 concentration and homogenization time, resulting in a nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 127.31 nm, PDI of 17.7%, and zeta potential of −25.0 mV, indicating good colloidal stability. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups such as O–H, C=O, and C–O–C, supporting the oil’s phytochemical richness and therapeutic potential. DSC analysis revealed enhanced thermal stability and successful encapsulation, while SEM imaging showed a uniform and spherical microstructure. The drug release followed Higuchi kinetics (R² = 0.900), indicating diffusion-driven release, with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (n = 0.88) suggesting anomalous transport. Antibacterial studies showed inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 250 µg/mL) and Escherichia coli (MIC = 500 µg/mL). In vivo anti-inflammatory testing demonstrated significant edema reduction (p < 0.05) using a carrageenan-induced rat paw model. These results support the potential of Melissa nanoemulgel as a stable and effective topical therapeutic for inflammatory and microbial skin disorders.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gasses. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. Acute exacerbation in COPD (AECOPD) is frequent in the course of the illness and is the most common reason for medical visits, hospital admissions, and mortality among these patients. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To assess the exposure and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD with COPD Assessment Test (CAT Scale) and mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea scale. Study design was a hospital-based prospective observational study. Study site was conducted at Pulmonology Department of Government General Hospital, Vijayawada. Results: The total patients were 197. Out of which, 119 were from In-patient Department (IPD) and 78 were from Out-patient Department (OPD). In this study, males were 167 (85%), among which, IPD were 97 (49%), OPD were 70 (36%), and females were 30 (15%), among which, IPD were 22 (11%), OPD were 8 (4%). Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality of COPD have been increased in recent years. This study concludes that there is a relation between risk of acute exacerbations in COPD with habitual history and occupational history. Increase in exposure to occupational hazards, smoking habit leads to an increase in risk of acute exacerbations in COPD patients. The level of severity was more in smokers and the patients who had biomass, organic dust, and mineral exposure. When severity was observed, group D severity is more observed in population according to CAT scale and mMRC dyspnea scale.

This research explores the use of a Design of Experiments (DoE) framework for the development and systematic refinement of a nanoemulsion comprising Melissa officinalis essential oil for transdermal drug delivery applications. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of characteristic phytochemical groups such as hydroxyl (–OH), carbonyl (C=O), and ether (C–O–C), pointing to the oil’s phytochemical makeup. To examine the effect of various formulation factors, a Central Composite Design (CCD) was implemented. This strategy aimed to minimize droplet size and enhance emulsion stability by evaluating the influence of Tween 80 concentration and homogenization time. The optimized formulation resulted in an average droplet diameter of 127.31 nm, a polydispersity index of 17.7%, 88.3% transmittance, and a zeta potential of –25.0 mV, indicating favorable colloidal stability and uniformity. The drug release study revealed that the release pattern adhered to the Higuchi model (R² = 0.900; k = 4.63), which suggests a diffusion-driven mechanism. Further kinetic analysis based on the Korsmeyer–Peppas equation (n = 0.88) indicated a non-Fickian, or anomalous, release behavior. In vitro antimicrobial testing showed that Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 250 µg/mL) was more sensitive to the formulation compared to Escherichia coli (MIC = 500 µg/mL). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory efficacy in vivo, using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model, showed that the formulation significantly decreased inflammation (p = 0.005 at 60 minutes), with full reduction by 240 minutes. These outcomes highlight the therapeutic value of Melissa officinalis oil-based nanoemulgel as a promising carrier for transdermal management of microbial infections and inflammatory conditions.

The present investigation was carried out to study the hypoglycemic effects of the hydro-alcoholic (70:30) extract of Calycopteris floribunda, in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic model. Calycopteris floribunda, are reported to have medicinal and traditional values including hypoglycemic properties. Decreased blood glucose level of the test animals shows that the extract exhibit significant hypoglycemic activity when compared to diabetic control group, effect of various doses (100, 200 mg/kg, p.o) extract was studied on streptozotocin induced both diabetic and non diabetic rats. The results also indicated the dose dependent effect. The hypoglycemic activity produced by the extract may be due to increased uptake of glucose at the tissue level or by an increase in pancreatic beta cell function or due to inhibition of intestinal absorption of glucose. The present study supports the use of this herbal drug as hypoglycemic. The reduction in the glucose level in induced diabetic rats proved that Calycopteris floribunda having the hypoglycemic activity.

Background: Vertigo, which is exacerbated by head movement, is the feeling of movement or spinning when none is happening. It is frequently accompanied by nausea, perspiration, or trouble walking. It is the most prevalent type of vertigo and is frequently brought on by vestibular neuritis, Ménière's disease and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Stroke, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, migraines, trauma and exposure to toxins are fewer common causes. Unlike other forms of dizziness, such as presyncope or disequilibrium, vertigo typically indicates an issue with the vestibular system. A prospective observational research design was used for the investigation. Result: Vertigo in 1,670 young people was investigated in this 6-month research conducted in Amaravati. Positional alterations were responsible for 45.8% of instances of dizziness and unsteadiness, which were prevalent (65.2%). The most common causes were BPPV (37.9%) and vestibular migraine (25.6%). Among the treatments were medicine (56.3%), lifestyle modifications (21.2%), and physical therapy (22.5%). With 83.1% of patients reporting alleviation, physical therapy was quite successful in treating BPPV. The study emphasizes how common vertigo is in young adults and the need for focused treatments as well as more investigation into long-term effects. Conclusion: The high frequency of vertigo among young individuals in the Amaravati Capital Region emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and complete treatment. This study highlights significant risk variables, including lifestyle and environmental factors, and lays the groundwork for future research into focused prevention, timely intervention, and effective treatment techniques.