The effect of various cleaning methods on coating morphology and their effectiveness in removing organic contaminants has been studied in this research. Bioactive coatings containing titanium oxides and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were obtained through plasma electrolytic oxidation in aqueous electrolytes and molten salts. The cleaning procedure for the coated surface was performed using autoclave (A), ultraviolet light (UV), radio frequency (RF), air plasma (P), and UV-ozone cleaner (O). The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an EDS detector, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray phase analysis (XRD), and contact angle (CA) measurements. The conducted studies revealed that the samples obtained from molten salt exhibited a finer crystalline structure morphology (275 nm) compared to those obtained from aqueous electrolytes (350 nm). After applying surface cleaning methods, the carbon content decreased from 5.21 at.% to 0.11 at.% (XPS), which directly corresponds to a reduction in organic contaminations and a decrease in the contact angle as follows: A > UV > P > O. This holds true for both coatings obtained in molten salt (25.3° > 19.5° > 10.5° > 7.5°) and coatings obtained in aqueous electrolytes (35.2° > 28.3° > 26.1° > 16.6°). The most effective and moderate cleaning method is ozone treatment.

The authors analyzed the motion of diamagnetic bodies that float on diamagnetic liquids. The motion was inspired by the deformation of the diamagnetic liquid surface by a magnetic field, called the ‘Moses effect’. The influence of the surface tension on the shape of the well pushed out by the steady magnetic field (B ≅ 0·35T) acting on the surface of the liquid was studied both experimentally and theoretically for water, silicone oil and aqueous surfactant solution. The suggested mathematical approach accurately predicted the shape of the well, depending on the surface tension of the liquid. Qualitative analysis is reported regarding the motion of floating diamagnetic polymers and metallic objects driven by the Moses effect. The impact of the bulk magnetic force on the motion is minor for all of the studied diamagnetic rafts. The influences of gravity and interfacial forces on the displacement of rafts may be of a comparable order of magnitude.