Investigating the coupling coordination relationship between water resources, ecology and the economy is the basis process for watershed governing to achieve sustainable development. Taking the Wuding River watershed (one of the largest tributaries of the Yellow River) as an example, we used the coupling coordination model to analyze the coupling coordination relationship of the water–ecology–economy system between 2001 and 2020, and then used grey correlation and partial correlation analyses to explore the main influencing factors and cross-county characteristic of the coupling coordination. The results show that the water, ecology and economy subsystems changed slightly before 2007. After 2007, the economy developed rapidly, while the water and ecology increased for a short time and then decreased after 2013. The water–ecology–economy coupling coordination was on the verge of dysfunctional decline. Water and ecology were the main influencing factors on the coupling coordination. The coupling coordination showed a cross-county characteristic. Water and ecology in upstream counties had significant positive correlations with the coupling coordination in downstream counties. The economy subsystem in upstream counties, however, had significant negative correlations with water and ecology in downstream counties. Our findings provide an empirical mode to measure transregional characteristics of coupling coordination and could support the construction of a coordination governance mode in the Wuding River watershed.

Investigating elevational gradient of climate driving effects on cropland ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP) plays an important role in food security in alpine region. We simulated cropland NPP by coupling a remote sensing model with an ecosystem process model and explored elevational gradient of climate driving effects on it in an alpine region of the southwest China during 1981–2014. The results showed that cropland NPP increased significantly with a rate of 3.85 gC m⁻² year⁻¹ year⁻¹ under significant increasing solar radiation and climate warming and drying, among which the increasing solar radiation was the main driving factor of the increasing NPP. The driving effect of climate warming on cropland NPP shifted from negative at low elevations to positive at high elevations, which was caused by the fragile ecosystem characteristics and frequent drought at low elevations and a higher temperature sensitivity of cropland ecosystem at high elevations. Different effects of climate warming on NPP change at different elevations caused different results when we analyzed the climate-driving effects on cropland NPP at different spatial scales. These results reminded us that we should take the elevational gradient of climate driving effects into account when we manage food security in the alpine region.