The gut microbiota is critical for maintaining human health and the immunological system. Several neuroscientific studies have shown the significance of microbiota in developing brain systems. The gut microbiota and the brain are interconnected in a bidirectional relationship, as research on the microbiome–gut–brain axis shows. Significant evidence links anxiety and depression disorders to the community of microbes that live in the gastrointestinal system. Modified diet, fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake, macro- and micro-nutrient intake, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and 5-HTP regulation may all be utilized to alter the gut microbiota as a treatment approach. There are few preclinical and clinical research studies on the effectiveness and reliability of various therapeutic approaches for depression and anxiety. This article highlights relevant research on the association of gut microbiota with depression and anxiety and the different therapeutic possibilities of gut microbiota modification.

Chitin, which may be the second-most common polymer after cellulose, is the raw material of chitosan. Chitosan has been infused with various plant extracts and subsidiary polymers to improve its biological and physiological properties. Chitosan’s physicochemical properties are enhanced by blending, making them potential candidates that can be utilized in multifunctional areas, including food processing, nutraceuticals, food quality monitoring, food packaging, and storage. Chitosan-based biomaterials are biocompatible, biodegradable, low toxic, mucoadhesive, and regulate chemical release. Therefore, they are used in the biomedical field. The present manuscript highlights the application of chitosan-based composites in the food and biomedical industries.

The gastrointestinal flora consists of several microbial strains in variable combinations in both healthy and sick humans. To prevent the risk of the onset of disease and perform normal metabolic and physiological functions with improved immunity, a balance between the host and gastrointestinal flora must be maintained. Disruption of the gut microbiota triggered by various factors causes several health problems, which promote the progression of diseases. Probiotics and fermented foods act as carriers of live environmental microbes and play a vital role in maintaining good health. These foods have a positive effect on the consumer by promoting gastrointestinal flora. Recent research suggests that the intestinal microbiome is important in reducing the risk of the onset of various chronic diseases, including cardiac disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, several cancers, and type 2 diabetes. The review provides an updated knowledge base about the scientific literature addressing how fermented foods influence the consumer microbiome and promote good health with prevention of non-communicable diseases. In addition, the review proves that the consumption of fermented foods affects gastrointestinal flora in the short and long term and can be considered an important part of the diet.

Flaxseed has been consumed by people for a very long time due to its nutritional value and medicinal applications. In India, flaxseed is used for both culinary and medicinal reasons. About 45% of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), 28%–30% protein, and 35% fiber are present in flaxseeds. The finest source of omega‐3 fatty acids for those who do not consume seafood is flaxseed. Flaxseeds have lignin, of which primary lignan is secoisolariciresinol diglycoside, with low amounts of isolariciresinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, and matairesinol. Flaxseed is probably safe for most grown‐ups. The daily number of bowel movements may increase if flaxseed is included in the diet. Additionally, it may result in side effects such as gas, bloating, stomach pain, and nausea. Higher dosages are probably going to cause more secondary effects. Due to the nutritional profile of flaxseeds, they exhibit various health benefits which include; improving cardiac health, improving brain development, improving skin health, improving gut health, maintaining blood sugar level, reducing the risk of renal diseases, and several types of cancers. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the nutritional profile, health benefits, value‐added products, and toxicity of flaxseeds.

The exploration of sustainable and nutritionally rich plants has become essential due to population increases and climatic changes. Quinoa, a pseudo-cereal native to the Andes, has emerged as a promising candidate due to its nutritional value, versatility, and adverse climatic resilience. This review highlights the various aspects of quinoa, including its sustainability, nutritional composition, and health benefits. Quinoa protein is classified as a complete protein due to the presence of essential amino acids and other vital nutrients. Moreover, it is a plentiful source of dietary fiber, promoting a healthy digestive system and a sense of fullness. Quinoa outperforms other mineral-rich cereals, particularly iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium. Consequently, its use may hinder the development of anemia and enhance the functionality of muscles and nerves, promote bone health, optimize metabolism, and regulate sugar levels according to scientific evidence. Namely, Quinoa offers several therapeutic applications due to its antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. In vivo and clinical studies suggest that quinoa, its isolated saponins, or peptides exhibit potential benefits for glucose regulation, lipid metabolism, gut microbiota modulation, and overall metabolic health. In addition, quinoa exhibits exceptional resilience to non-living environmental factors and the ability to thrive in diverse agroecological conditions, in contrast to conventional staple crops. These properties make them a viable contender for improving food security under shifting climatic conditions.