The article is devoted to the interlingual transfer of toponyms of the Akmola region of Kazakhstan, the complex process of adaptation of geographical names in the context of cultural and linguistic interaction is considered. The research analyzes the mechanisms of adaptation of toponyms, change of local geographical names when translated into other languages, preserving or losing unique ethnolinguistic features. The work considers the main approaches to the adaptation of toponyms and strategies aimed at preserving the authenticity of names, which is important for maintaining the cultural heritage and local identity of the region. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties and compromises that arise when translating toponyms and their impact on the perception of the linguistic and cultural appearance of the Akmola region. The results of the study emphasize the importance of an integrated approach that takes into account both phonetic and cultural-semantic features in the interlingual transfer of geographical names, which helps to strengthen mutual understanding and respect between cultures.

With digitalization and the expansion of international communication, the problem of translating Kazakh toponyms into English is becoming particularly relevant. Geographical names are not only means of spatial identification, but also important carriers of historical memory, cultural information and national identity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability of the transmission of Kazakh geographical names in English-language international discourse, as well as to identify factors influencing the unification processes and the choice of translation strategies. The research material includes English-language texts of international mass media, documents of international organizations, digital cartographic platforms, tourist resources, and online encyclopedias. The results of the study showed that the variability of the transmission of Kazakh toponyms is due to historical, political, phonetic and digital factors, as well as the lack of a single international standard for the romanization of geographical names. It is established that international media and digital platforms have a significant impact on the formation of English-language versions of Kazakh toponyms and the processes of their dissemination in the global information space.

Idiomatic expressions with phytocomponents, formed based on a nation's culture, history, and everyday life, occupy a distinctive place in the phraseological system of any language. The article examines scholars' perspectives on the naming and classification of phraseological units in Kazakh, Russian, and English, as well as analyzes the translation of phytocomponent idioms from English. It is well known that conveying figurative fixed expressions with implicit meanings is one of the complex challenges in translation studies. This is since phytonyms included in idioms may carry symbolic meaning in one language while not being used in the same way in another. Such features require the use of various translation strategies such as literal translation or adaptation. For the purposes of this study, a set of idioms with phytonymic components was selected from authoritative lexicographic sources (Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, English–Russian Phraseological Dictionary by A.V. Kunin, Russian–English Dictionary of Idioms by S. Lubensky, English–Kazakh Dictionary of Idioms by U. Kenesbaeva, and the Phraseological Dictionary of Kazakh Language by I. Kenesbaev). The selection was guided by the following criteria: the presence of a phytonymic component as a core element of the idiom, frequency of occurrence in major English lexicographic sources, availability of recorded Russian and/or Kazakh equivalents, cultural or semantic significance for cross-linguistic comparison. During the research, translations of English phytocomponent idioms into Russian and Kazakh were compared, contrastive analyses were made, their translational equivalence was analyzed, and specific recommendations were provided. The importance of considering lexical, semantic, and cultural equivalence in the translation of phraseological units containing phytonyms was emphasized. The results of the research provide insights into the cultural connections and differences between languages.

Ономастика как лингвистическая дисциплина отражает эволюцию языка, культуры и национальной идентичности. В Казахстане процессы номинации и реноминации ономастических названий стали актуальными в связи с историческими изменениями и государственной политикой по восстановлению традиционных топонимов и антропонимов. В статье рассматриваются основные принципы номинации и реноминации ономастических единиц в казахском языке, анализируются факторы, влияющие на процесс именования, и выявляются современные тенденции в изменении ономастической системы страны. Методы исследования включают сравнительно-исторический анализ, лингвокультурологический подход и изучение нормативно-правовых документов, регулирующих языковую политику. Особое внимание уделено примерам реноминации топонимов и антропонимов, а также их влиянию на общественное восприятие и лингвистическую норму. Результаты исследования показывают, что ономастическая система Казахстана находится в процессе активной трансформации, направленной на восстановление национальной идентичности и унификацию правил именования. Выявлена ключевая роль языковой политики в регулировании процессов номинации и реноминации. В статье предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию ономастической системы Казахстана с учетом международного опыта и современных тенденций в области ономастики. Полученные данные могут быть полезны для дальнейших исследований в области ономастики, а также для разработки нормативных документов, регулирующих процессы именования в Казахстане. Исследование вносит вклад в изучение лингвокультурных особенностей ономастики и ее влияния на языковую картину мира.

Business communication currently occurs in almost all areas of society. The ability to communicate with a business partner, understanding the psychology of a communicant, especially in intercultural communication, distinguishing between their worldview and ethnic norms are the major factors in business negotiations. The research work is devoted to the study of culture-specific keywords related to Kazakh business discourse in intercultural communication. The hypothesis of the research is that every culture can be explained and described with certain words called as keywords. Cultural keywords can help to study, learn, and discuss cultures of different nations all over the world. They can be referred to as a tool for intercultural communication. The authors use semantic analysis as a methodology to study the keywords and identify them in a text or culture. Findings of the research can be useful for intercultural and cross-cultural studies as well as other interdisciplinary cultural and linguistic research. Keywords: cultural keyword, intercultural communication, Kazakh business discourse, semantic analysis, culture-specific, business communication.