The majority of bladder tumors (around 90 %) are urothelial carcinomas, while metastatic secondary tumors are extremely rare, comprising less than 2 % of cases. Gastric adenocarcinoma rarely metastasizes to the bladder, and these metastases typically exhibit a CK7-positive, CK20-negative phenotype. To date, there have been no reports of gastric cancer metastasis to the bladder that displays a CK7-negative and CK20-positive profile. This article presents a rare case of a patient who had previously undergone subtotal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma and later presented with macroscopic hematuria, where a CK7-negative, CK20-positive secondary adenocarcinoma was detected in the bladder.

Background: Achilles tendon healing involves prolonged extracellular matrix remodeling and incomplete restoration of native mechanical properties. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may support tissue repair, but its independent effect on tendon healing remains unclear. This study evaluated two doses of systemic filgrastim after primary Achilles tendon repair in rats. Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats were randomized to a control group, a low-dose filgrastim group receiving 10 µg/kg/day, or a high-dose filgrastim group receiving 30 µg/kg/day, with 12 animals per group. After bilateral Achilles tenotomy and primary repair, filgrastim or 5% dextrose was administered subcutaneously for five days. On postoperative day 28, healing was assessed by tensile testing, Updated Bonar scoring, Picrosirius Red birefringence, collagen type I alpha 1 chain, collagen type III alpha 1 chain and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 immunohistochemistry, and serum cytokine measurements. Maximum force was the primary outcome; histological and immunohistochemical parameters were secondary outcomes, and serum cytokines were exploratory. Group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, Welch’s ANOVA, or the Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate. Results: Maximum force was significantly higher in the low-dose group (57.49 ± 13.98 N) and high-dose group (62.01 ± 14.64 N) than in controls (24.17 ± 11.97 N; both p < 0.001), with no significant difference between filgrastim doses. Total Updated Bonar scores were lower in both filgrastim groups and lowest in the high-dose group. Filgrastim was associated with a higher red–orange/green birefringence ratio, higher collagen type I alpha 1 chain and lower collagen type III alpha 1 chain immunoreactivity, and lower microvessel density. In exploratory analyses, serum interleukin-6 was nominally lower and tumor necrosis factor-α nominally higher in the high-dose group, whereas interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β did not differ significantly among groups. Conclusions: Short-term systemic filgrastim administration during the early postoperative period increased the maximum load to failure of repaired Achilles tendons at 28 days and was associated with a more mature histological and immunohistochemical remodeling profile. The higher dose was associated with more favorable values for selected histological parameters but did not further increase maximum force; therefore, these data do not establish a dose–response relationship.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are established immune biomarkers in breast cancer; however, their clinical relevance in hormone receptor–posit

Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare benign, well-differentiated neoplasia originating from the neural crest. Although it is most commonly seen in the posterior mediastinum, it can be observed in many areas including the adrenal gland. Lesions located in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum are mostly seen in the pediatric population and adrenal ganglioneuromas are more common in the 4-5. decade. GN is a benign neoplasia but very rarely lymph node and distant organ metastases have been reported. In this study, a case of adrenal gland ganglioneuroma showing lymph node metastasis in a 3-year-old male patient is presented.