Background: Achilles tendon healing involves prolonged extracellular matrix remodeling and incomplete restoration of native mechanical properties. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may support tissue repair, but its independent effect on tendon healing remains unclear. This study evaluated two doses of systemic filgrastim after primary Achilles tendon repair in rats. Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats were randomized to a control group, a low-dose filgrastim group receiving 10 µg/kg/day, or a high-dose filgrastim group receiving 30 µg/kg/day, with 12 animals per group. After bilateral Achilles tenotomy and primary repair, filgrastim or 5% dextrose was administered subcutaneously for five days. On postoperative day 28, healing was assessed by tensile testing, Updated Bonar scoring, Picrosirius Red birefringence, collagen type I alpha 1 chain, collagen type III alpha 1 chain and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 immunohistochemistry, and serum cytokine measurements. Maximum force was the primary outcome; histological and immunohistochemical parameters were secondary outcomes, and serum cytokines were exploratory. Group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, Welch’s ANOVA, or the Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate. Results: Maximum force was significantly higher in the low-dose group (57.49 ± 13.98 N) and high-dose group (62.01 ± 14.64 N) than in controls (24.17 ± 11.97 N; both p < 0.001), with no significant difference between filgrastim doses. Total Updated Bonar scores were lower in both filgrastim groups and lowest in the high-dose group. Filgrastim was associated with a higher red–orange/green birefringence ratio, higher collagen type I alpha 1 chain and lower collagen type III alpha 1 chain immunoreactivity, and lower microvessel density. In exploratory analyses, serum interleukin-6 was nominally lower and tumor necrosis factor-α nominally higher in the high-dose group, whereas interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β did not differ significantly among groups. Conclusions: Short-term systemic filgrastim administration during the early postoperative period increased the maximum load to failure of repaired Achilles tendons at 28 days and was associated with a more mature histological and immunohistochemical remodeling profile. The higher dose was associated with more favorable values for selected histological parameters but did not further increase maximum force; therefore, these data do not establish a dose–response relationship.

Objective: This study aimed to retrospectively compare the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) performed for septic and aseptic indications, and to evaluate postoperative changes within each group. Methods: A total of 27 patients (30 knees), comprising 18 females and 9 males, were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the indication for rTKA: the septic loosening group (13 patients, 13 knees) and the aseptic causes group (14 patients, 17 knees). Results: In the septic group, a comparison of preoperative and postoperative scores revealed significant improvements in the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Patellar Scoring System, and Knee Society Score (KSS) for both knee and function components (P = .003, P = .004, P = .003, and P = .002, respectively). Similarly, the aseptic group demonstrated significant improvements in OKS, Patellar Scoring System, and KSS knee and function scores postoperatively (P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, and P = .001, respectively). Aseptic loosening occurred more frequently in female patients (P = .02). Postoperative flexion improved significantly in both the septic (P = .006) and aseptic (P = .001) groups. However, a significant extension gain was observed only in the aseptic group (P = .025; septic P = .102). Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort, both septic and aseptic rTKA groups demonstrated significant postoperative improvements in clinical and functional outcomes. Most evaluated postoperative outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups. These findings describe the clinical and functional outcomes observed in this cohort without establishing superiority or equivalence between revision indications.

Barber's disease is caused by short hairs penetrating the interdigital spaces of the hands. The chronic inflammatory reaction causes fistulas, sinuses, and cysts. We present a patient with an interdigital pilonidal sinus in the third interdigital space of the right hand.

Objective: The optimal timing of pin removal following closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) for pediatric Gartland type 3 supracondylar humerus fractures remains controversial. Although pins are commonly removed between the third and fifth postoperative weeks, high-level evidence comparing clinical and radiological outcomes between these time points is limited. This study aimed to evaluate whether pin removal at the third vs. the fifth postoperative week influences radiographic healing or functional outcomes. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 95 pediatric patients (aged 3-10 years) with Gartland type 3 supracondylar humerus fractures treated with CRPP between 2020 and 2025. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the timing of pin removal: the third week (n = 42) and the fifth week (n = 53). Clinical outcomes included elbow range of motion (ROM), carrying angle difference, and the Flynn criteria at 3 and 6 months. Radiological outcomes included Baumann angle, anterior humeral line alignment, and the Radiographic Union Score for Tibia scores. Multivariable linear regression was performed to control for potential confounders. Interobserver reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: At 3 months, flexion and extension loss were modestly lower in the third-week group (P = .011, r = 0.26 and P = .031, r = 0.22, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed between groups at 6 months in terms of flexion loss, extension loss, total motion loss, carrying angle difference, or Flynn scores (all P > .05). Radiographic Union Score for Tibia scores at the time of pin removal were higher in the fifth-week group (P < .001), reflecting later radiographic assessment; however, no differences were observed at subsequent follow-ups. No cases of loss of reduction, angular deformity, or reoperation occurred in either group. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that pin removal timing was associated with early but not late motion loss. Conclusion: Pin removal at the third postoperative week did not compromise final radiological outcomes. In contrast, removal at the fifth week did not confer superior long-term functional recovery. Within the commonly practiced third-to-fifth-week interval, timing of pin removal does not appear to influence final clinical outcomes in pediatric Gartland type 3 supracondylar humerus fractures. Cite this article as: Çevik N, Akalın Y, Bayrak HÇ, et al. Does pin removal timing influence outcomes in Gartland type 3 supracondylar humerus fractures? A comparative study of third- and fifth-week removal. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc., 2026; 60(4), 0936, doi: 10.5152/j.aott.2026.26936.