The primary objective of this study was to examine the potential association between glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1/GSTM1) deletion polymorphisms and the development of apical periodontitis (AP) in a population of patients at two university centers: the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the School of Dental Medicine at the University of Belgrade in Serbia. The study involved 200 patients with AP in the experimental and 250 healthy individuals without AP in the control group. As a source of genomic DNA, sterile buccal swabs were taken from each patient. Genotyping of GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms was conducted using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The risk of AP development with regard to the genotypes was evaluated based on odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that were calculated via unconditional logistic regression. There were significant differences in demographic characteristics between the investigated groups (p = 0.446, p = 0.154, respectively). GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions were associated with a 3.05-fold and 5.69-fold risk (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 2.07-4.49, OR = 5.69, 95% CI = 3.66-8.86, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) for the AP development. The co-occurrence of both deletions posed a significantly higher risk for AP development (OR = 52.76. 95% CI = 18.20-152.94, P < 0.001). The carriers of null GSTT, null GSTM, and double null GSTT/GSTM genotypes are more susceptible to AP development in the populations examined at the two centers.

Introduction/Objective. This study aimed to evaluate sex assessment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images by analyzing the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus. Additionally, the study aimed to develop prediction formulas for sex assessment and assess their accuracy for the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. A total of 150 CBCT images were analyzed, comprising 73 males and 77 females, aged 20? 69 years. The dimensions of the maxillary sinuses ? specifically, the mediolateral, superoinferior, and anteroposterior measurements ? along with their volumes, were assessed using Romexis software. Measurements were taken from both axial and coronal projections. To develop gender prediction formulas, multiple regression analysis was employed. The accuracy of sex prediction was evaluated using discriminant functional analysis. Results. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in sinus dimensions and volume were observed between sexes. Males had larger maxillary sinuses: left sinus volume was 27.60 ? 6.87 cm3 in males versus 22.10 ? 5.77 cm3 in females and right sinus volume was 27.48 ? 7.02 cm3 in males versus 21.65 ? 5.42 cm3 in females. The right maxillary sinus provided the highest accuracy for sex prediction (75%), followed by the left sinus (71%). Conclusion. The dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus vary significantly between sexes, with males typically having larger sinuses. A gender prediction formula based on the right maxillary sinus offers the highest accuracy for sex prediction, achieving 75%. This formula could be a valuable tool in forensic applications specific to the Bosnian population when other methods are not available.