Numerous machining process output metrics may be used to evaluate a material's machinability, with tool life unquestionably being the most popular. The rate of tool wear, which is heavily reliant on the current wear mechanisms, determines the tool life in the main. The problem of tool wear needs to be rectified to improve machining quality such as surface roughness and production time. In this study, the thermal barrier coating (TBC) technique on machining tool (HSS) to improve its effectiveness. Utilizing Zirconia and Chromium-based compounds, the HSS tool have been coated. FEA (ANSYS software) was used to examine the material strength and wear of the suggested HSS tool. The tool life for machining is improved by suggesting these nano coated tools. Through this project's efforts, a cutting-edge tool might also be recommended.

Self-healing (SH) materials, including polymers, are revolutionary for aerospace vehicles, automobiles, and other applications where structural integrity, reliability, and longevity are critical. In this regard, this systematic review surveys 40 recent works on various types of self-healing material systems, integration methods, and performance outcomes. The review assesses material categories from epoxy-based composites and thermoplastics to shape memory polymers and advanced nanocomposites, and considers both intrinsic and extrinsic healing mechanisms. Performance metrics across application contexts, such as healing efficiency, mechanical property recovery, environmental stability, and cyclic durability, are synthesized. Aerospace applications show significant advancements in addressing delamination, impact resistance, and high-temperature stability, with some systems achieving fracture property recovery exceeding 160% and maintaining reliable performance over multiple healing cycles. Automotive applications emphasize room-temperature healing capability, cost-effective manufacturing, and durability under variable service conditions. The review identifies trends toward hybrid material systems and sophisticated integration strategies, while also highlighting persistent challenges related to scalability, environmental robustness, and long-term performance validation. This synthesis provides a comprehensive foundation to advance the practical implementation of self-healing materials in aerospace and automotive engineering.

River Chenab is formed by alluvial deposits, frequently facing riverbank and river channels dynamics due to floods. Present study is an attempt to compute the actual river bank dynamics within the Pakistan and India for a period of 2 years i.e. before and after flood of 2014. The entire course of Chenab River upstream of Jammu and Kashmir, Tandi to confluence with Indus River at Mithankot for a stretch of about 964 kilometer has been in to this study via an integrated approach of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing. Entire mapping of riverbank and river channels in the study area is from Jayotipuram to Seetpur. After image processing it was found that the River Chenab in highly snaking river with several prominent sections where the river has been suffering immensely with the shifting and erosion characteristics. This shift in riverbank was 1669 m near city Gujrat and 2122 m after flood near Chiniot City in the mentioned period of study. These results reveals the dynamics of Chenab River and would be helpful to find its impact on anthropogenic activities.

The solution of second order partial differential equation, with continuous change in coefficients by the formation of integral equation and then using radial basis function approximation (RBSA), has been developed in this paper. Use of boundary element method (BEM), which gives the solution of heat or mass diffusion in non-homogenous medium with function varying smoothly in space is also the part of this article. Discretization of boundary of integral domain instead of entire domain of the problem concerned is also the distinction of the recent work. The numerical solution of some problems with known value of the variable has also been included at the end.