A structural health monitoring (SHM) system is an approach for identifying the damages caused to various kinds of structures using different system functions and providing the necessary feedback about structure’s conditions. As civil structures are the backbone of our society, to determine its daily operations is a very important issue. The performance measurement of those structures is manual whereas a computer-based monitoring system could automatically assess the structural damages and identify its exact location. Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a great deal of attention for remote sensing applications due to flexibility to measure of various activity of large scale network. Since technology is advancing day by day, the overall cost of a monitoring system is also decreased. However, the major challenging fact of a WSNs is to provide scalability for covering a large area. The main question is arisen how much capable have of a monitoring system to turn off unnecessary nodes to save energy while there are no events detected. To support the scalability required of an existing network and save the node energy for future use, we propose a topology maintenance protocol integrated with construction to address the issue of a node’s energy consumption by placing it optimally and extending the monitoring system’s lifetime. As per the authors’ acknowledgement that, a little attention has been paid to developing such a hybrid approach. To mitigate node energy consumption issue with large scale support, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based maintenance approach is the best candidate for obtaining better system lifetime responses. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to develop an ‘on-the-fly’-based topology maintenance monitoring system, which can maintain a network’s infrastructure while gathering a node’s information to switch its state regularly when the present network is no longer optimal.

In recent years, quantum image computing draws a lot of attention due to storing and processing image data faster compared to classical computers. A number of approaches have been proposed to represent the quantum image inside a quantum computer. Representing and compressing medium and big-size images inside the quantum computer is still challenging. To address this issue, we have proposed a block-wise DCT-EFRQI (Direct Cosine Transform Efficient Flexible Representation of Quantum Image) approach to represent and compress the gray-scale image efficiently to save computational time and reduce the quantum bits (qubits) for the state preparation. In this work, we have demonstrated the capability of block-wise DCT and DWT transformation inside the quantum domain to investigate their relative performances. The Quirk simulation tool is used to design the corresponding quantum image circuit. In the proposed DCT-EFRQI approach, a total of 17 qubits are used to represent the coefficients, the connection between coefficients and state (i.e., auxiliary), and their position for representing and compressing grayscale images inside a quantum computer. Among those, 8 qubits are used to map the coefficient values and the rest are used to generate the corresponding coefficient XY-coordinate position including one auxiliary qubit. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed DCT-EFRQI scheme provides better representation and compression compared to DCT-GQIR, DWT-GQIR, and DWT-EFRQI in terms of rate-distortion performance.

Machine Learning (ML) has significantly transformed antenna design by enabling efficient optimization of geometrical parameters, modeling complex electromagnetic behavior, and accelerating performance prediction with reduced computational cost. This study presents an ML-based approach to accurately predict the resonance frequencies and bandwidth of a novel triple-band circular Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antenna intended for K- and Ka-band satellite communication. The antenna features four symmetrically etched ring slots on the radiating patch and circularly arranged vias within a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (20 × 15 × 1.6 mm ³ ). The interaction between the TE₁₁ cavity mode and the ring slots facilitates controlled electromagnetic field leakage, enhancing radiation performance. A predictive ML framework was developed using six regression algorithms trained on significant geometrical parameters, such as ring slot radius, via diameter, and feedline width. Among them, the Extra Trees Regression model achieved over 98% accuracy, with errors below 0.1% for both resonance frequency and bandwidth predictions. The approach was validated through Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulations and ML-based predictions, both demonstrating strong agreement. Although experimental fabrication was not included in this phase, the model offers a reliable foundation for future physical validation and prototyping. The results confirm that the proposed antenna structure, combined with the predictive power of ML, presents a promising solution for compact, high-performance antennas in satellite communication systems.

In this study, wind data of different location of Bangladesh has been analyzed collected from Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). From some analyses, Kuakata sea region has been selected as proper location for establishing wind power system. Through proper investigation it has been tried to find out the way for developing sustainable wind energy system which is to be developed in the coastal area of Bangladesh. Besides it has been analyzed different turbines and found which is better for a particular location. It has been observed that to provide a sustainable wind energy system, a minimum wind velocity of 4 m/sec is needed for specific turbine. Diesel generator has been used to supply deficiency of wind system during lower wind flow. Besides, converter and battery have been set up to store excess power. All of the theoretical endeavours have been observed through simulation. World renowned software named ‘Homer’ has been used for simulation. Using this software sensitivity analysis and optimization have been accomplished. Through all these efforts it has been tried to propose how to set up optimum wind power system.

M-ARRAY QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK MODULATOR RELIABILITY AND ACCURACY ANALYZE IN CIVIL SHM