Background/Objectives: Male infertility is influenced by physiological factors like age, as well as lifestyle factors, including physical activity. However, the specific impact of sport activity on semen parameters, and thus on male fertility, remains unclear. Specifically, the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate how an intense regime of training may affect sperm parameters in professional and non-profession athletes. Methods: Studies reporting sperm parameters associated with high training load were included. In April 2024, three electronic databases and literature sources (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched. Quality appraisal was performed independently by three authors using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tools (NHLBI-QAT). Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting a total of 156 participants. Sixteen weeks of intensive cycling training produced a significant decrease in seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and morphology, with a return to their initial levels, except for sperm morphology and sperm concentration, after at least one week of rest. In addition, in athletes with varicocele, a 6-month stop from sports activity went a long way toward improving sperm concentration and sperm motility. However, DNA fragmentation, a greater presence of round cells, and high numbers of active macrophages were described. At least 30 days improve semen parameters in professional and non-professional athletes. Conclusions: Intensive training could worsen seminal parameters and, consequently, male fertility. However, certainty of evidence is very low, and the results should be interpreted with caution.

Aims: We aimed to determine whether muscular fitness, focussing on power‐related components, is reduced in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with the group without T1D. Methods: Adults with T1D and healthy controls were enroled in the study. Muscular fitness was evaluated using Handgrip strength (HG), knee extensor isometric maximal torque (PeakT), and 10‐repetition sit‐to‐stand (STS). Moreover, the specific power index of the lower limb was obtained from the ratio between STS and skeletal muscle mass. Results: Sixty‐seven individuals with T1D (32 females, 35 males; age: 38.9 ± 14.6 years) were matched for age, sex, body mass index and physical activity level with a non‐diabetic Control Group (CG, n = 67). The T1D group was significantly slower than the control group (CG) during the STS test (20.2 ± 3.8 vs. 18.6 ± 3.3 s, p < 0.01) and exhibited a lower specific power (5.3 ± 1.2 vs. 5.9 ± 1.3 W/kg, p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in HG and PeakT ( p > 0.05) between the T1D and CG groups. Conclusions: Adults with T1D show a reduction in dynamic muscle function (STS), whereas isometric function appears to be preserved.

Background/Objectives: The global incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is steadily rising. While modifiable lifestyle factors impact oncological outcomes, the interplay between dietary habits, orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendencies, physical activity levels (PAL), and body image in NET survivors remains poorly understood. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 61 patients with NETs. Validated evaluation tools included the PREDIMED questionnaire for Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, the GPAQ for PAL, and the ORTO-15 questionnaire for ON risk. Body image satisfaction and comprehensive clinical features were also assessed. Results: Most participants (75.4%) demonstrated moderate MD adherence. Body image dissatisfaction (32.8%) was significantly associated with a higher BMI (28.86 vs. 24.93 kg/m², p < 0.01) and reduced PAL (660.0 vs. 1680.0 MET-min/week, p = 0.021, pFDR = 0.042). Notably, moderate MD adherence was linked to a higher orthorexic risk (corresponding to lower ORTO-15 scores) compared to low adherence (p = 0.032, pFDR = 0.078). Somatostatin analog therapy showed no detrimental impact on behavioral parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These findings highlight specific vulnerabilities in NET patients: body image dissatisfaction correlates with higher BMI and lower physical activity, while moderate Mediterranean Diet adherence associates with orthorexic risk, which is localized and was not independent in multivariate analysis. Targeted nutritional and physical activity interventions should be integrated into multidisciplinary NET care.