The green analytical procedure index (GAPI) has been widely used to assess the greenness of different steps in analytical methodology. In the GAPI index, the different stages of the chemical analysis process are depicted using five pentagrams divided in subsections, labeled green, yellow, or red according to the degree of greenness. This GAPI tool provides a quick overview of the environmental impact and safety of the procedure. However, there is no total score that can be calculated from the GAPI metric to enable comparison between methods. In this work, a modified GAPI tool (MoGAPI) and software have been developed and applied to address the limitations of the current GAPI metric. The presented tool offers a more precise assessment of greenness, while the software simplifies and expedites its application. It also combines the advantages of the analytical Eco-Scale with the merits of the widely used GAPI metric. This tool was successfully applied to calculate the greenness of a few case studies and applications to show the applicability of this modified metric. The software for the MoGAPI tool is also freely available (open source) at bit.ly/MoGAPI to facilitate application and method comparison. The MoGAPI tool and its software represent a significant advancement in greenness assessment, providing researchers with a robust and user-friendly means to evaluate and compare analytical methods.

In this work, the biological and chemical fingerprints of three extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) from two Potentilla species (P. reptans and P. speciosa) were investigated. Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities were performed for the biological fingerprint. For the chemical characterization, total bioactive components and individual phenolic components were determined using photometric and HPLC methods, respectively. The main identified phenolic compounds in these extracts were rutin and catechin. Methanol and water extracts contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. The results of antioxidant assays showed that methanol and water extracts displayed higher antioxidant activity compared to the ethyl acetate extract. Generally, methanol and water extracts exhibited higher biological activities correlated with higher levels the bioactive components. For P. speciosa, the methanol extract exhibited the highest enzyme inhibitory activity (except BChE inhibitory activity). P. reptans exhibited also high antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells whilst P. speciosa had weak to moderate activity against both of A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. The results suggest that Potentilla species could be potential candidates for developing new phyto-pharmaceuticals and functional ingredients.