The need for electrical energy means batteries have a critical role in technological developments in the future. One of the most advanced types of batteries is the lithium-ion battery. The conventional charging system has the disadvantage of taking a relatively long time, so the battery temperature is high. Therefore, a charging method that can shorten the charging time and extend battery life is needed. Some contributions of the paper are the design and prototype of a buck-boost converter for dual-mode lithium-ion battery charging (buck and boost mode) and the implementation of the Multi-Step Constant Current Method (MSCC) algorithm with an optimal charging pattern (OPT) to perform fast charging under voltage, current limit, and temperature monitoring. The test results showed that the proposed charging system prototype has an accuracy of 99.93% for the voltage sensor and 98.86% for the current sensor, whereas the precision of voltage and current sensors are 98.60% and 99.34%, respectively. The proposed method took 45 min to charge the 2-series (2S) and 4-series (4S) batteries. Compared to the CCCV method, the charging time of the MSCC method was 18.18% faster. In terms of battery temperature, MSCC had a lower peak temperature compared to CCCV by 1.5% and 1.25% for 2S and 4S, respectively.

The braking system is one of the most important components of a vehicle. In general, the brakes will generate heat due to the braking process. The heat generated must be released into the environment to maintain braking performance at optimal conditions. In extreme conditions, braking will fail. The braking system can be developed as a braking support system is a non-contact braking system. One form of the non-contact braking system is the eddy current brake (ECB). ECB is an electric braking system with the principle of eddy current. In the ECB, overheating will result in decreased performance. The approach that can be taken to determine braking performance during heat generation is the modeling process using FEM. This study uses FEM to analyze the heat generated during braking. In addition to using FEM, research was carried out using experiments as a comparison. Analysis of heat generation in braking is needed to determine whether braking with ECB can be a backup and its potential as a substitute for friction brakes. The results show that the ECB heat generation event that affects the temperature rise reduces the braking torque performance. Research indicates that when overheating occurs, braking performance will decrease by up to 10% when the disk surface temperature rises more than 20 °C. It shows the importance of managing heat that occurs in the ECB.

The eddy current brake (ECB) is a braking technology that continues to be developed. The use of the ECB has excellent potential to be applied to vehicles. Various studies have proposed the design, characteristics, and advantages of each. However, further analysis is needed to assess the performance of the ECB and what factors affect the performance. However, no studies have been found that discuss eddy current brakes using bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric analysis is a method used for mapping and knowledge of existing gaps in a particular topic. This article aims to provide a complete discussion with bibliometric statistical methods that have never been presented before in the field of eddy current brakes, especially the phenomenon of heat generation. In addition, the prediction of research gaps in this field can be identified as the initial results of further research. The analysis was carried out using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny integrated through the RStudio tool. The data are obtained through the Scopus database, which is then exported in CSV form. Obtaining the data depends on the keywords used. In this case, the obtained document is filtered with the features provided by Scopus. From the analysis conducted, it was found that the topic related to heat in eddy current brakes is still a recent discussion. Discussions on the heat increase in the ECB are still limited and require mapping and analysis of what parts still need development. The phenomenon of heat generation is one novelty that allows it to be researched. One example from the scientific data obtained is that there are 207 documents in the form of articles and conference papers with a total of 533 authors.

The study focuses on optimizing standalone PV-battery systems for LED street lighting in Magetan Regency, Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of PV panels and lithium battery selection for energy efficiency. Minimizing energy not captured leads to effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly street lighting, reducing energy waste and promoting a greener urban environment. The optimization process involves choosing the appropriate PV panel size, battery capacity, and solar charge controller to maximize energy capture while meeting load requirements and design constraints. Solar resource assessment using PVGIS ensures system feasibility analysis. Simulation results reveal optimized PV panel peak power (200 Wp), battery capacity (1002 Wh), and a 16.67A MPPT solar charge controller. The average energy not captured is 144.21 Wh per month, showcasing the system’s efficiency. The discussion emphasizes the significance of this optimized configuration in enhancing energy capture and storage capacity, resulting in reliable and eco-friendly street lighting solutions.

Solar energy is an abundant and free source of sustainable energy. The objective of this project was to construct and examine smart, standalone photovoltaic (PV) street lighting in Kepyar Village, a rural community located in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. The intelligent, standalone PV-based lighting system consisted of a 5-meter streetlight pole outfitted with a 60 Wp monocrystalline solar panel system and an Internet of Things (IoT) system. In 2024, measurements were taken in August and September. The system was able to capture energy from sunlight from 6 a.m. until 5 p.m. The average amount of daily energy stored was 144 and 148 Wh, respectively, allowing it to power the street lights for around 7 hours. The findings also revealed that installing standalone PV-based street lighting can provide significant community advantages.