Thiazole and its derivatives play an important role in biological and non-biological fields due to several structural and electronic behaviors associated with it. Thiazole derivatives act as chemosensors because they formed metal complexes upon interacting with various heavy metal ions like Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺, Ag⁺, Al³⁺, Cu²⁺, Pd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ga³⁺, In³⁺, Sn⁴⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ as well as other cations. These metal ions are of prime importance from the environmental point of view with high. This review article focuses on the thiazole-based colorimetric as well as fluorometric sensor for the recognition of different heavy metal cations in various specimens like agricultural, biological, and environmental. It also summarizes the binding stoichiometry, detection limit, pH, structure, and practical application of the reported thiazole-based chemosensors. Further, the sensing performances, have been discussed and compared with some reported organic sensors.

Bee pollen is a natural cocktail of floral nectar, flower pollen, enzymes, and salivary secretions produced by honeybees. Bee pollen is one of the bee products most enriched in proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. It has a significant health and medicinal impact and provides protection against many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, infectious, and cardiovascular. Bee pollen is commonly promoted as a cost-effective functional food. In particular, bee pollen has been applied in clinical trials for allergies and prostate illnesses, with a few investigations on cancer and skin problems. However, it is involved in several patents and health recipes to combat chronic health problems. This review aimed to highlight the clinical trials and patents involving bee pollen for different cases and to present the role of bee pollen as a supplementary food and a potential product in cosmetic applications.

Chromium occurs in the environment primarily in two valence states, trivalent Cr³⁺ and hexavalent Cr⁶⁺, which have different physicochemical and biochemical properties. However, the higher concentration of Cr^3+/6+ can cause various adverse effects on human health. Therefore, detecting Cr^3+/6+ ions is important in various samples. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors are the most powerful tools for the detection of Cr^3+/6+ ions. These chemosensors have excellent bioimaging capability and significant sensitivity and selectivity. In this article, different colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors based on organic compounds, including Schiff base, antipyrine, diarylethene, pyrene, crown ether, dansyl, pyridine, thiazole, coumarin, boradiazaindacene, rhodamine, imidazole, hydrazone, and other functional groups for detection of Cr^3+/6+ ions have been reviewed, classified them according to different fluorophore and recognition mode. I hope this article will help the readers for the future design of highly effective, sensitive, and selective chemosensors for the detection and determination of Cr^3+/6+ ions. Graphical Abstract