Bee pollen is a combination of plant pollen and honeybee secretions and nectar. The Bible and ancient Egyptian texts are documented proof of its use in public health. It is considered a gold mine of nutrition due to its active components that have significant health and medicinal properties. Bee pollen contains bioactive compounds including proteins, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenols. The vital components of bee pollen enhance different bodily functions and offer protection against many diseases. It is generally marketed as a functional food with affordable and inexpensive prices with promising future industrial potentials. This review highlights the dietary properties of bee pollen and its influence on human health, and its applications in the food industry.

Bee pollen is a natural cocktail of floral nectar, flower pollen, enzymes, and salivary secretions produced by honeybees. Bee pollen is one of the bee products most enriched in proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. It has a significant health and medicinal impact and provides protection against many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, infectious, and cardiovascular. Bee pollen is commonly promoted as a cost-effective functional food. In particular, bee pollen has been applied in clinical trials for allergies and prostate illnesses, with a few investigations on cancer and skin problems. However, it is involved in several patents and health recipes to combat chronic health problems. This review aimed to highlight the clinical trials and patents involving bee pollen for different cases and to present the role of bee pollen as a supplementary food and a potential product in cosmetic applications.

Bee venom (BV) is a typical toxin secreted by stingers of honeybee workers. BV and BV therapy have long been attractive to different cultures, with extensive studies during recent decades. Nowadays, BV is applied to combat several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, alopecia, vitiligo, and psoriasis. BV is used extensively in topical preparations as cosmetics and used as dressing for wound healing, as well as in facemasks. Nevertheless, the safety of BV as a therapeutic choice has always been a concern due to the immune system reaction in some people due to BV use. The documented unfavorable impact is explained by the fact that the skin reactions to BV might expand to excessive immunological responses, including anaphylaxis, that typically resolve over numerous days. This review aims to address bee venom therapeutic uses in skin cosmetics.

Lately, myriad of novel viruses have emerged causing epidemics such as SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, leading to high mortality rates worldwide. Thus, these viruses represented a challenging threat to mankind, especially considering the miniscule data available at our disposal regarding these novel viruses. The entire world established coordinative relations in research projects regarding drug and vaccine development on the external range, whereas on the internal range, all countries declared it an emergency case through imposing different restrictions related to their border control, large gatherings, school attendance, and most social activities. Pandemic combating plans prioritized all sectors including normal people, medical staff politicians, and scientists collectively shouldered the burden. Through planning and learning the previous lessons from SARS and MERS, healthcare systems could succeed in combating the viral spread and implications of these new pandemics. Different management strategies including social distance, social awareness and isolation represented successful ways to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, pre-preparedness of some countries for emergencies is crucial to minimize the consequences of the crisis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the devastating diseases that has a high incidence without satisfactory preventive and curative strategies. The multi-targeted interventions become a promising alternative to address their complex pathogenesis. This narrative review searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 2010-December 2025) to assess the therapeutic potential of honeybee products for AD management. The use of bee-derived compounds demonstrated neuroprotective advantages via known mechanisms. For instance, honey polyphenols reduce tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Pinocembrin a compound of propolis, plays a role in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) suppression of microglial activation via its proteolytic degradation and even enhances synaptic plasticity. Phospholipase A2 and melittin inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity by raising the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Royal jelly has a neurotrophic impact, proven to promote neuroprogenitor cell proliferation, while bee pollen enhances cognitive function via extracellular signal-regulated kinase- cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (ERK-CREB) signaling. Apilarnil can protect and stimulate nerves and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the notion that apitherapy has a promising role in the management of, challenges including standardization, bioavailability, and clinical validation, warrant more attention prior to the implication in the drug discovery field.