This paper presents an analysis and the research results of system couplers in CAx systems that ensure the correct transfer of product data from the “supplier” system to the “recipient” system. This study presents the results of the compatibility tests between the systems based on the verification of geometric models and their attributes after importing/exporting 2D and 3D objects using neutral data exchange formats. The purpose of the research was to identify neutral formats that do not introduce errors after data transversion in certain types of geometry. Tests and analyses were carried out on selected formats depending on the type of object, such as 2D objects (DXF), solid objects (IGES, STEP, SAT, and PARASOLID), and surface objects (IGES, STEP, SAT, and X_T). One of the results of our research and analysis is the need for continuous development of CAD/CAE systems because current neutral formats are not 100% effective.

The aim of the scientific contribution is to point out the possibility of applicability of cylindrical shells with a constant elliptical cross-sectional shape for stability loss analysis. The solution to the problem consists of two approaches. The first approach is the experimental measurement of critical force levels, where the work also describes the method of production of the sample and jigs that cause the desired elliptical shape. The second approach is solving the problem in the use of numerical methods—the finite strip method together with the finite element method.

In exact analyses of bodies in the elastic–plastic regime, the behavior of the material above critical stress values plays a key role. In addition, under cyclic stress, important phenomena to be taken into account are the various types of hardening and the design of the material or structure. In this process, it is important to define several groups of characteristics. These include, for instance, the initial area of plasticity or load which defines the interface between elastic and plastic deformation area. The characteristics also include the relevant law of plastic deformation which specifies the velocity direction of plastic deformation during plastic deformation. In the hardening condition, it is also important to determine the position, size and shape of the subsequent loading area. The elasto-plastic theory was used for the analysis of special compliant mechanisms that are applied for positioning of extremely precise members of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), e.g., cryomagnets, laser equipment, etc. Different types of deformation hardening were used to simulate the behavior of particular structural elements in the elastic–plastic regime. Obtained values of stresses and deformations may be used in further practical applications or as default values in other strain hardening model simulations.

Mechanical metamaterials derive their unconventional properties from geometry rather than composition, enabling phenomena such as negative Poisson’s ratio and tunable stiffness. This study presents a systematic finite element analysis of three canonical auxetic topologies—re-entrant, chiral, and anti-chiral lattices—subjected to uniaxial loading in two orthogonal directions. Four engineering metals (steel, copper, aluminum, titanium) were analyzed to evaluate how material stiffness interacts with geometry in defining auxetic response. A detailed mesh-convergence and sensitivity analysis ensured numerical reliability and isolation of geometric effects within the linear-elastic regime. The results reveal three distinct mechanisms: (i) material-sensitive auxeticity in re-entrant lattices, which achieved the most extreme negative Poisson’s ratios (ν < −2.0) but with strong dependence on stiffness; (ii) directional auxeticity in chiral lattices, which exhibited negligible response under X-loading but significant negative values (ν ≈ −0.5) under Z-loading; and (iii) geometry-dominated auxeticity in anti-chiral lattices, which remained robust and nearly material-independent (ν ≈ −1.2). This comparative framework clarifies the balance between geometry- and material-driven mechanisms, extending prior single-material or single-geometry studies. The findings provide design guidelines for selecting auxetic topologies depending on whether robustness, tunability, or maximum auxetic effect is required, with direct implications for protective equipment, aerospace structures, and biomedical scaffolds.

Structural element shape optimization based on the biological growth method is increasingly used nowadays. This method consists of two main methods: topological optimization (soft kill option—SKO) and shape optimization (computer-aided optimization—CAO). This paper presents the solution procedures for both shape optimization and topological optimization. In applying these methods, first of all, a certain stress norm must be established, where the most appropriate and most used criterion is the equivalent stress according to von Mises. The application of the mentioned optimization methods is illustrated by several examples. The aim was to compare the change in volume or mass and the maximum stress of the structural elements between the different designs: the initial design, the design after topological optimization, and the design after shape optimization.

Problematics of residual stresses is known in engineering practice, but it is often forgotten. They are present in each component. Residual stresses can be introduced into the material not only during the manufacturing process, but also when the equipment is used. Every machine system a special approach to its application during operation. In case of non-compliance with its boundary conditions failure can comply damage of components, which may even lead to complete deterioration of the equipment. The aim of the paper is to point out how improper use of equipment affects residual stresses that can lead to its damage. The most used method for determining residual stresses was used – hole drilling method. The practical part deals with the specific application of the hole drilling method on the selected component – the chainsaw guide bar. The next part of the theses is followed by an evaluation of the results and proposal of solution that will contribute to more efficient use of the given structural element and its lifetime.