Recently, the operation of distribution systems does not depend on the state or utility based on centralized procedures, but rather the decentralization of the decisions of the distribution companies whose objectives are the efficiency of interconnectivity. Therefore, distribution companies are exposed to greater risks, and due to this, the need to make decisions based on increasingly reliable models has grown up considerably. Therefore, we present a survey of key aspects, technologies, protocols, and case studies of the current and future trend of Smart Grids. This work proposes a taxonomy of a large number of technologies in Smart Grids and their applications in scenarios of Smart Networks, Neural Networks, Blockchain, Industrial Internet of Things, or Software-Defined Networks. Therefore, this work summarizes the main features of 94 research articles ranging the last four years. We classify these survey, according Smart Grid Network Topologies, because it can group as the main axis the sensors applied to Smart Grids, as it shows us the interconnection forms generalization of the Smart Networks with respect to the sensors found in a home or industry.

We present a new resource to analyze and detect deceptive information that is present in a huge amount of news websites. Specifically, we compiled a corpus of news in the Spanish language extracted from several websites. The corpus is annotated with two labels (real and fake) for automatic fake news detection. Furthermore, the corpus also provides the category of the news, presenting a detailed analysis on vocabulary overlap among categories. Finally, we present a style-based fake news detection method. The obtained results show that the introduced corpus is an interesting resource for future research in this area.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a revolutionary tool in the automotive sector, specifically in quality management and issue identification. This article presents a systematic review of AI implementations whose target is to enhance production processes within Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The main methods analyzed are deep learning, artificial neural networks, and principal component analysis, which improve defect detection, process automation, and predictive maintenance. The manuscript emphasizes AI’s role in live auto part tracking, decreasing dependance on manual inspections, and boosting zero-defect manufacturing strategies. The findings indicate that AI quality control tools, like convolutional neural networks for computer vision inspections, considerably strengthen fault identification precision while reducing material scrap. Furthermore, AI allows proactive maintenance by predicting machine defects before they happen. The study points out the importance of incorporating AI solutions in actual manufacturing methods to ensure consistent adaptation to Industry 5.0 requirements. Future investigations should prioritize transparent AI approaches, cyber-physical system consolidation, and AI material enhancement for sustainable production. In general terms, AI is changing quality assurance in the automotive industry, improving efficiency, consistency, and long-term results.

Deaths due to heart diseases are a leading cause of death in Mexico. Cardiovascular diseases are considered a public health problem because they produce cardiorespiratory arrests. During an arrest, cardiac and/or respiratory activity stops. A cardiorespiratory arrest is rapidly fatal without a quick and efficient intervention. As a response to this problem, the Virtual${}^{CPR}$ system was designed in the present work. Virtual${}^{CPR}$ is a mobile virtual reality application to support learning and practicing of basic techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for experts or non-experts in CPR. Virtual${}^{CPR}$ implements an interactive virtual scenario with the user, which is visible by means of employment of virtual reality lenses. User’s interactions, with our proposal, are by a portable force sensor for integration with training mannequins, whose development is based on an application for the Android platform. Furthermore, this proposal integrates medical knowledge in first aid, related to the basic CPR for adults using only the hands, as well as technological knowledge, related to development of simulations on a mobile virtual reality platform by three main processes: (i) force measurement and conversion, (ii) data transmission and (iii) simulation of a virtual scenario. An experiment by means of a multifactorial analysis of variance was designed considering four factors for a CPR session: (i) previous training in CPR, (ii) frequency of compressions, (iii) presence of auditory suggestions and (iv) presence of color indicator. Our findings point out that the more previous training in CPR a user of the Virtual${}^{CPR}$ system has, the greater the percentage of correct compressions obtained from a virtual CPR session. Setting the rate to 100 or 150 compressions per minute, turning on or off the auditory suggestions and turning the color indicator on or off during the session have no significant effect on the results obtained by the user.

There is a great challenge in the business sector to adopt new technologies that boost companies to break into Industry 4.0, especially to obtain the capacity to adopt and develop complex systems based on: artificial intelligence, Big Data, Data Mining, and Cyber Physical Systems. However, efforts tend to be more of an empirical process, rather than a prior analysis, that allows companies to identify the complexity of the situation and trigger a viable implementation. For this reason, this research carried out a systematic review to identify and analyze, from the Systems Science approach, the proposed and most used models to face these organizational problems. In total, 42 of the 3800 documents were filtered for discussion using a systems approach. In addition, one of the models was tested by interviews with Mexican managers to understand how it promotes the abstraction of complexity necessary for a viable system change. The findings at the end of the work were to determine the lack of systemic properties in the current proposals, especially in the efforts to adopt artificial intelligence and the need to have a suitable model for the context of technology.

In Mexico, according to data from the General Directorate of Health Information (2018), there is an annual incidence of 689 newborns with Trisomy 21, well-known as Down Syndrome. Worldwide, this incidence is estimated between 1 in every 1000 newborns, approximately. That is why this work focuses on the detection and analysis of facial emotions in children with Down Syndrome in order to predict their emotions throughout a dolphin-assisted therapy. In this work, two databases are used: Exploratory Data Analysis, with a total of 20,214 images, and the Down’s Syndrome Dataset database, with 1445 images for training, validation, and testing of the neural network models. The construction of two architectures based on a Deep Convolutional Neural Network manages an efficiency of 79%, when these architectures are tested with a large reference image database. Then, the architecture that achieves better results is trained, validated, and tested in a small-image database with the facial emotions of children with Down Syndrome, obtaining an efficiency of 72%. However, this increases by 9% when the brain activity of the child is included in the training, resulting in an average precision of 81%. Using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) along with the Down’s Syndrome Dataset (DSDS) has promising advantages in the field of brain–computer interfaces. EEG provides direct access to the electrical activity of the brain, allowing for real-time monitoring and analysis of cognitive states. Integrating EEG signals into a CNN architecture can enhance learning and decision-making capabilities. It is important to note that this work has the primary objective of addressing a doubly vulnerable population, as these children also have a disability.