According to the guidelines of the Nagoya Protocol, species are now recognized as ‘resources’ and owned by each country, thereby emphasizing the significance of biological resources and the importance of the continuous efforts made to systematically manage them. Despite these efforts, climate change, which influences climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation, is expected to negatively impact the struggle for conservation of biological resources by affecting species’ habitats. We aimed to devise methodologies that could be utilized for the management of biological resources, especially valuable tree species, that are experiencing difficulties due to climate change. First, changes in habitat of the northern-region plant Needle fir (Abies holophylla) due to of climate change were estimated using the BIOMOD2 package in R under the RCP8.5 scenario. Second, the time period of management was estimated based on the change in habitat area over time. It is expected that 30% of the current habitat of A. holophylla will be lost by 2030 and 50% will be lost by 2042. Third, four management zones (maintenance, reduction, dispersal, and non-habitat areas) were derived by comparing habitats according to the period of management required. In this case, we compared the present and the time point at which 30% habitat loss (2030) is expected to occur. After that, the management steps that can be taken for each management zone were suggested. Our results show the impact of climate change, especially change in Bio1 (annual mean temperature) and Bio13 (precipitation of wettest month), on species distribution patterns and have potential applicability in biological resource management. We have specified the suitable point of time, area, and direction of management in this study, which will contribute to climate change management planning and policy-making. By doing so, we hope that when a management policy on biological resources is applied, by dividing the four management zones, policymakers will be able to apply a cost-efficient policy.

Ecological damage refers to the reduction in the value of the environment due to human activities such as development. The intensity of ecosystem damage is worsening worldwide. Although the importance of restoration projects to reduce ecosystem damage is increasing, they are difficult to carry out, owing to the absence of data and monitoring of damaged areas. In this study, ecologically damaged areas for restoration in South Korea were detected using remote sensing and field surveys. For the analysis, national standardized vector datasets and Google Earth images were used; field surveys were conducted from 2018 to early 2020. Our results showed that 62% of the ecological damage that occurred in South Korea existed in forest ecosystems; the damaged areas were mostly smaller than 50,000 m². Additionally, most of the causes and types of damage due to human activities such as development were soil erosion related. The results also suggest the importance of obtaining monitoring data on ecologically damaged areas and the importance of establishing an appropriate restoration plan using this data.

Urbanization is causing an increase in air pollution leading to serious health issues. However, even though the necessity of its regulation is acknowledged, there are relatively few monitoring sites in the capital metropolitan city of the Republic of Korea. Furthermore, a significant relationship between air pollution and climate variables is expected, thus the prediction of air pollution under climate change should be carefully attended. This study aims to predict and spatialize present and future NO₂ distribution by using existing monitoring sites to overcome deficiency in monitoring. Prediction was conducted through seasonal Land use regression modeling using variables correlated with NO₂ concentration. Variables were selected through two correlation analyses and future pollution was predicted under HadGEM-AO RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5. Our results showed a relatively high NO₂ concentration in winter in both present and future predictions, resulting from elevated use of fossil fuels in boilers, and also showed increments of NO₂ pollution due to climate change. The results of this study could strengthen existing air pollution management strategies and mitigation measures for planning concerning future climate change, supporting proper management and control of air pollution.

Carbon storage is a critical ecosystem service function and has recently been affected by land use change and urbanization. In this study, the change in carbon storage was estimated by analyzing changes in land use by region under the Seoul Metropolitan Area Readjustment Planning Act and utilizing the InVEST Carbon model. Based on this analysis of land use change, the Overconcentration Control Region (OCR) showed low urban growth rates and low deforestation rates; the Growth Management Region (GMR) showed high urban growth rates and high deforestation rates; and the Nature Preservation Region (NPR) showed high urban growth rates and low deforestation rates. The smallest loss in carbon storage occurred in the NPR, while significant losses were observed in OCR and GMR. According to our analysis considering carbon sink, the amounts of above and below biomass increased slightly, but the amounts of soil carbon and dead organic matter significantly decreased. This study highlighted land use and carbon management in two ways. First, the region

As extreme meteorological events intensify, effective climate adaptation strategies has become urgent. Climate adaptation requires significant resources across multiple sectors, necessitating reliable, science-based information. South Korea lacks a standard management system for adaptation information, with various scattered sectors. To address this, the Korean Climate Adaptation Information Taxonomy (KADT, NIER, 2023) was developed. This study enhances completeness and practicality of KADT by refining its structure and introducing an efficiency evaluation method. First, the Korea National Climate Risk completeness diagnostic system was improved to a four-step process, expanding 72 National Climate Risks into 118 sub-risks. The bottom-up CID-based classification system was subdivided into five Types, 14 Mid-Categories, and 29 Sub-Categories, using KMA and IPCC AR6 WG-1 standards. The top-down structure was improved, focusing on Sub-Categories: 1) Science-Based Information (SCI) reclassifies risk management targets into 40 Sub-categories; 2) Adaptation Solutions & Options (SOL) reorganized 226 tasks into four Sub-categories and 36 details; and 3) Policy Evaluation and Governance (PEV) classified 8,374 local measures into 12 Sub-categories and 108 details. To evaluate the efficiency of KADT, ISO/IEC 20926:2009(IFPUG FPA) was employed. Results showed that the KADT-based approach significantly reduces functional points compared to the manual approach, improving work efficiency by 50% to 120%. This study provides a refined framework for managing climate adaptation information in South Korea, enhancing risk assessment and adaptation planning at national and regional levels, fostering more effective strategies.