Background/Objectives: Surgical treatment of breast cancer may lead to physical and psychological side effects. Exercises, especially those aided by virtual reality (VR), can improve both physical and psychological dysfunctions. To explore the effects of exercises using VR through Pablo games Technology on the function, grip strength, wrist ROM, fatigue, pain, activities of daily living (ADLs), and anxiety among post-operative breast cancer females. Methods: Forty post-operative breast cancer females participated in the current study: nineteen in the control group (CG), who received a standard treatment consisting of upper limb exercises plus intermittent compression therapy, and twenty-one participants assigned to the Pablo group (PG), who received the standard treatment plus additional training using the Pablo game training system. The intervention period was eight weeks long. The outcome measures were function, grip strength, wrist ROM, fatigue, pain, activities of daily living, and anxiety. Data were obtained at the baseline, after eight weeks, and at two months follow-up. Results: There were statistically significant declines in pain and fatigue, while there were statistically significant improvements in ADLs, grip strength, function, and ROM post-intervention and at two months follow-up in both groups (p < 0.001). Between-group comparisons demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in pain, anxiety, and fatigue and statistically significant improvements in function, ADLs, grip strength, and ROM in favor of the PG post-treatment and at the follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Adding VR using the Pablo game training system to the standard rehabilitation of post-surgical breast cancer patients can further improve their function, hand grip, wrist ROM, fatigue, pain, and ADLs.

Introduction: This review analysed the efficiency of low-level laser therapy in treating breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) in women. Material and methods: Databases such as Scopus, PEDro, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for RCTs using low-level laser therapy (LLLT)...

Background: Lumbar nerve root compression is a pathological condition that occurs commonly in the low back pain population. Passive straight leg raise (SLR) is a clinical test widely used to confirm this pathological condition. Yet, its diagnostic accuracy needs further investigation. Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the passive SLR test in detecting compression of the lower lumbar nerve roots using magnetic resonance imaging as a reference standard. Design: This study is a prospective diagnostic-accuracy study. Methods: One hundred-and-twelve participants (82 males and 30 females) met the inclusion criteria and joined the study. Participants were recruited through direct communication and poster announcement and allocated into positive and negative MRI groups. A standardized passive SLR test was applied to all participants; then 2 X 2 cross-tabulation statistics were conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity. Results: The passive SLR test was considered positive in 62 (56.36%) participants while it was negative in 50 (45.45%) participants. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were found to be 77.1%., 81.0%, 6.75, and 0.47 respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was found to be 80.95%. ROC curve revealed positive fair sensitivity and specificity of the test with the area under the curve equal to 0.775. Conclusion: The passive SLR test is a useful tool for the diagnosis of lower lumbar nerve root compression.

BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of breast cancer may be associated with physical and psychological side effects. Exercises especially those aided by virtual reality can improve both physical and psychological dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of exercises using Virtual Reality technology (Pablo games) on Function, grip strength, wrist ROM , Fatigue, Pain, Activities of daily living(ADLs) ,and Anxiety on status post-operative breast cancer females. METHODS Forty post-operative breast cancer females completed the current study; 19 in the control group (CG) which received a standard treatment consisted of Upper limb training, and intermittent compression therapy while 21 participants were assigned to the Pablo group (PG) and received the standard treatment plus training using Pablo games training system. The intervention period was eight weeks. The outcome measures were Function, grip strength, wrist ROM , Fatigue, Pain, Activities of daily living ,and Anxiety ,Data were obtained at the baseline, after 8 weeks, and at two months followed up. RESULTS There was a decline in pain, function, fatigue, and improvement in ADLs, grip strength, and ROM at post-intervention and at two months follow-up in both groups (P < .001). Meanwhile, PG only demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PG. Between-groups Comparison demonstrated statistically significant decrease in pain, disability, anxiety, fatigue, and improvement in ADLs, grip strength and ROM in favor of the PG compared to both at post-treatment and at follow-up (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Adding Virtual Reality using Pablo Game Training instrument to the standard rehabilitation of post-surgical breast cancer can further improve function, Hand grip, wrist ROM, Fatigue, Pain, and ADLs. CLINICALTRIAL https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ website with a registration number: NCT06058936.