In vitro culture has become a key tool to produce seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, a crop of great global importance. This systematic review, based on the PRISMA-ScR methodology, analyzes the main biotechnological strategies used to obtain high-quality, healthy, and pathogen-free seeds, overcoming the limitations of traditional propagation methods. A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect (June 2025), prioritizing 65 experimental studies published between 2010 and 2025 in indexed journals. Techniques such as meristem culture, micropropagation, microtuber production, the use of temporary immersion bioreactor systems (TIBs), and synthetic seed generation were examined. These methodologies offer advantages such as accelerated propagation, higher yields, reduced use of agrochemicals, germplasm conservation, and economic efficiency. TIBs stand out for improving the survival and productivity of basic seed. This review is organized around four axes: applied techniques, key procedures, economic impact and sustainability, and future perspectives. This work constitutes a useful guide for optimizing seed tuber production using plant biotechnology.

Vaccinium floribundum Kunth, also known as mortiño, is of cultural, gastronomic, pharmaceutical and ecological importance in the Andes due to its regenerative capacity to preserve vegetation after destructive fires. The main limitation for the production of mortiño fruits is that the plant has not been domesticated or cultivated, which could pose risks to the species and the paramos where it lives. In vitro culture is a crucial technique for propagating horticultural crops where factors such as the concentration, growth regulators, medium and explant parameters must be optimized to ensure the success of in vitro propagation techniques. This review uses the Prisma methodology, identifying 47 studies on the in vitro cultivation of Vaccinium, but only five studies on the domestication of V. floribundum Kunth using three in vitro cultivation techniques (axillary buds, seed germination and induced callogenesis) were published in Scopus and ScienceDirect. Therefore, the objective is to provide information on in vitro propagation techniques for the domestication of V. floribundum Kunth.

The production of pre-basic (G0) seed tubers underpins the certified potato value chain. However, the transition from in vitro laboratory conditions to the ex vitro greenhouse environment remains a persistent production constraint, with reported mortality rates of 50–70%. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesizes data from 63 selected studies (spanning 2010–2026) to propose a conceptual “Physiological Competence Framework”. We introduce a conceptual hypothesis termed the “Nitrogen Paradox”, which suggests that excessive ammonium influx may inhibit lignin biosynthesis, explaining the structural vulnerability of the vitrotype. Our analysis proposes three pillars for acclimatization success: (1) Nutritional hardening and exogenous PGR modulation, characterized by reduced nitrogen and sucrose levels to mitigate hyperhydricity; (2) photo-autotrophic induction, where optimized LED spectra replace conventional lighting to stimulate stomatal functionality; and (3) rhizosphere engineering, utilizing bio-priming with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to create a biotic shield against transplant shock. Furthermore, we examine emerging evidence for nanoparticle-based stress priming (AgNPs, ZnNPs). The evidence supports replacing high-nitrogen multiplication media with reduced-nitrogen formulations, replacing fluorescent lamps with balanced Red–Blue LED spectra, and incorporating PGPR bio-priming before transplant.

Pre-harvest bagging protects table grapes from environmental stress, yet its interannual impact on the plant fatty acid profile remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profile and Atherogenicity Index (AI) and Thrombogenicity Index (TI) as health indices of three traditional cultivars (“Doña María”, “Dominga”, “Aledo”). Grapes were cultivated under bagged and unbagged conditions over two consecutive seasons characterized by contrasting thermal stress, and their lipid extracts were evaluated using gas chromatography and multivariate statistical tools. The analytical results revealed a profile predominantly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid. Both genotype and protective bagging significantly modulated lipid accumulation. Uniquely, the extreme heatwave of the second season triggered a profound lipid remodeling, increasing the total polyunsaturated fraction by over 40% in “Doña María” as a putative adaptive response to maintain membrane fluidity. Nutritionally, all cultivars demonstrated exceptional cardioprotective potential, recording atherogenicity indices below 0.11. These findings provide novel insights into the resilience of table grapes, validating them as a robust source of functional lipids. Furthermore, tracking this lipid remodeling offers the agricultural industry a sensitive biochemical tool to optimize protective strategies and ensure crop quality under increasing climate volatility.

Para evaluar el impacto de los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) en el rendimiento de la biomasa comestible, el consumo de materia seca y la producción láctea en los rebaños lecheros de la Región Andina de Ecuador, se desarrolló esta investigación. Se estudiaron tres agroecosistemas (AES); los AES 1 y 2 contenían Alnus acuminata H.B.K (Aliso) y Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. (Acacia), respectivamente, en asociación con el estrato herbáceo, y el AES, pastos solamente. Se determinó el efecto del año y AES en el rendimiento de la biomasa comestible y en el consumo de MS mediante un ANOVA multifactorial con interacción. La producción láctea se analizó mediante un método de los mínimos cuadrados. El rendimiento de la biomasa comestible fue mayor (P< 0,05) en el AES 1, en el primero y segundo años y el consumo de materia seca en el AES 1 durante los tres años. La producción láctea en el primer año no difirió significativamente entre los AES, pero en el segundo año fue superior (P< 0,05) en el AES 1 y en el tercer año en los AES 1 y 2. Las medias de producción láctea ajustada fueron superiores (P< 0,05) en las vacas de los AES 1 y AES 2. En los tres años, la producción láctea total fue superior en el AES 1. Se concluye que los AES 1 y AES 2 favorecieron el rendimiento de la biomasa comestible, pero en el AES 1 fueron superiores el consumo de materia seca y la producción láctea.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar y simular una antena tipo transmitarray de doble banda para comunicaciones satelitales en las bandas de 20 GHz y 30 GHz, con el fin de mejorar el rendimiento de ganancia directiva y reducir los costos de fabricación. Se planteó la hipótesis de que una estructura de celda unitaria intercalada puede permitir la manipulación independiente de la fase en ambas bandas de frecuencia. Para validar esta hipótesis, se desarrolló un modelo de celda unitaria con múltiples capas utilizando el software HFSS. La celda se diseñó con ranuras cruzadas y elementos metálicos distribuidos estratégicamente sobre sustratos dieléctricos Arlon AD410. Se simularon distintos parámetros geométricos para obtener una variación de fase cercana a 360° con coeficientes de transmisión aceptables en ambas bandas. Los resultados evidenciaron un desacoplamiento funcional entre bandas y una ganancia máxima de 23.85 dB a 20 GHz y 15.42 dB a 30 GHz, con eficiencias respectivas de 38% y 18%. La arquitectura propuesta logró una disminución estructural del arreglo del 33% en comparación con un diseño monobanda, manteniendo la directividad y reduciendo las pérdidas por acoplamiento. Este hallazgo es significativo porque ofrece una solución compacta y económica frente a otras tecnologías más complejas como los arreglos en fase.