In vitro culture has become a key tool to produce seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, a crop of great global importance. This systematic review, based on the PRISMA-ScR methodology, analyzes the main biotechnological strategies used to obtain high-quality, healthy, and pathogen-free seeds, overcoming the limitations of traditional propagation methods. A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect (June 2025), prioritizing 65 experimental studies published between 2010 and 2025 in indexed journals. Techniques such as meristem culture, micropropagation, microtuber production, the use of temporary immersion bioreactor systems (TIBs), and synthetic seed generation were examined. These methodologies offer advantages such as accelerated propagation, higher yields, reduced use of agrochemicals, germplasm conservation, and economic efficiency. TIBs stand out for improving the survival and productivity of basic seed. This review is organized around four axes: applied techniques, key procedures, economic impact and sustainability, and future perspectives. This work constitutes a useful guide for optimizing seed tuber production using plant biotechnology.

Vaccinium floribundum Kunth, also known as mortiño, is of cultural, gastronomic, pharmaceutical and ecological importance in the Andes due to its regenerative capacity to preserve vegetation after destructive fires. The main limitation for the production of mortiño fruits is that the plant has not been domesticated or cultivated, which could pose risks to the species and the paramos where it lives. In vitro culture is a crucial technique for propagating horticultural crops where factors such as the concentration, growth regulators, medium and explant parameters must be optimized to ensure the success of in vitro propagation techniques. This review uses the Prisma methodology, identifying 47 studies on the in vitro cultivation of Vaccinium, but only five studies on the domestication of V. floribundum Kunth using three in vitro cultivation techniques (axillary buds, seed germination and induced callogenesis) were published in Scopus and ScienceDirect. Therefore, the objective is to provide information on in vitro propagation techniques for the domestication of V. floribundum Kunth.

The production of pre-basic (G0) seed tubers underpins the certified potato value chain. However, the transition from in vitro laboratory conditions to the ex vitro greenhouse environment remains a persistent production constraint, with reported mortality rates of 50–70%. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesizes data from 63 selected studies (spanning 2010–2026) to propose a conceptual “Physiological Competence Framework”. We introduce a conceptual hypothesis termed the “Nitrogen Paradox”, which suggests that excessive ammonium influx may inhibit lignin biosynthesis, explaining the structural vulnerability of the vitrotype. Our analysis proposes three pillars for acclimatization success: (1) Nutritional hardening and exogenous PGR modulation, characterized by reduced nitrogen and sucrose levels to mitigate hyperhydricity; (2) photo-autotrophic induction, where optimized LED spectra replace conventional lighting to stimulate stomatal functionality; and (3) rhizosphere engineering, utilizing bio-priming with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to create a biotic shield against transplant shock. Furthermore, we examine emerging evidence for nanoparticle-based stress priming (AgNPs, ZnNPs). The evidence supports replacing high-nitrogen multiplication media with reduced-nitrogen formulations, replacing fluorescent lamps with balanced Red–Blue LED spectra, and incorporating PGPR bio-priming before transplant.

Pre-harvest bagging protects table grapes from environmental stress, yet its interannual impact on the plant fatty acid profile remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profile and Atherogenicity Index (AI) and Thrombogenicity Index (TI) as health indices of three traditional cultivars (“Doña María”, “Dominga”, “Aledo”). Grapes were cultivated under bagged and unbagged conditions over two consecutive seasons characterized by contrasting thermal stress, and their lipid extracts were evaluated using gas chromatography and multivariate statistical tools. The analytical results revealed a profile predominantly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid. Both genotype and protective bagging significantly modulated lipid accumulation. Uniquely, the extreme heatwave of the second season triggered a profound lipid remodeling, increasing the total polyunsaturated fraction by over 40% in “Doña María” as a putative adaptive response to maintain membrane fluidity. Nutritionally, all cultivars demonstrated exceptional cardioprotective potential, recording atherogenicity indices below 0.11. These findings provide novel insights into the resilience of table grapes, validating them as a robust source of functional lipids. Furthermore, tracking this lipid remodeling offers the agricultural industry a sensitive biochemical tool to optimize protective strategies and ensure crop quality under increasing climate volatility.

Para evaluar los efectos de los sistemas silvopastoriles con la inclusión de Alnus acuminata H.B.K (Aliso) y Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. (Acacia), en asociación con el estrato herbáceo, en el estado nutricional y el desempeño reproductivo del ganado bovino en silvopastoreo en la región andina de Ecuador se realizó esta investigación. Los agroecosistemas 1 y 2 incluyeron Aliso y Acacia, respectivamente, y el agroecosistema 3, solo incluyó pastos. Mediante un análisis de varianza multifactorial con interacción se determinó el efecto del agroecosistema y el año en la condición corporal al parto y en los indicadores reproductivos. Existió déficit energético en el segundo año en los agroecosistemas 1 y 3, y en los tres años en el agroecosistema 2. Hubo exceso de proteína cruda en los tres agroecosistemas en los tres años. El intervalo parto primera inseminación fue inferior (P<0,05) en las vacas del agroecosistema 1 y en los años 2 y 3. La condición corporal al parto y los servicios por gestación fueron mayores (P<0,05) en el agroecosistema 1 y el primer año, respectivamente. Los intervalos parto–concepción y parto–parto fueron inferiores en el agroecosistema 1 y en los años dos y tres. Se concluye que en los agroecosistemas 1 y 2, el Aliso y la Acacia favorecieron el balance de nutrientes. En el agroecosistema 1 fue mayor la condición corporal al parto y se redujo el intervalo parto primera inseminación; la interacción entre el agroecosistema y año benefició el intervalo parto–concepción y el intervalos parto–parto, los que fueron mejores en el agroecosistema 1, en el tercer año.

La identidad de marca es la base del marketing, pues integra elementos visuales, percepciones y valores emocionales para influir en el comportamiento del consumidor, fortalecer la lealtad y generar valor financiero para la empresa. El fin del estudio fue identificar los componentes producto, organización, personas y símbolos acorde a la percepción de los consumidores en marcas de café en Pichincha, Imbabura y Carchi en Ecuador. La metodología se desarrolló en tres fases, en la primera se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura para establecer el fundamento teórico. En la segunda fase, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas exploratorias para profundizar en las percepciones de las marcas locales. Posteriormente, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado basado en los componentes de la identidad de marca, cuyos resultados fueron analizados mediante técnicas estadísticas avanzadas con SPSS y AMOS. Los resultados confirman que los componentes de producto, organización, personas y símbolos son predictores significativos en la configuración de la identidad de marca, destacando como conclusión la importancia de su interacción para generar una conexión emocional y fidelidad del consumidor en el sector cafetalero.