The world is a growing place with great technological advancement in all areas of life. For some decades now, various disciplines and industries have been engaged in using Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) across different nations. CAD/CAM utilizes computers to integrate design and manufacturing processes for quality product attainment. This review article examined the present impacts of CAD/CAM on some sectors such as architecture, manufacturing, engineering and design, electronics, automobile, shipbuilding, aerospace, and medicine. Highlights on some applications and future impacts of CAD/CAM have also been discussed. The numerous impacts of CAD/CAM are discussed in the study. It was concluded that CAD/CAM had become integral parts of our world to ease production against traditional methods. The study recommended more research focus on biomaterials for 3-D bioprinting for tissue engineering applications.

The corrosion behavior of metal matrix composites (MMCs) is accelerated by the inclusion of reinforcements. Hence, this study investigates the corrosion behavior of MMCs produced from Al 6063 matrix alloy with reinforcement particulates of silicon carbide (SiC) and palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) inclusion at different mix ratios. The MMCs were synthesized using the double stir casting technique. The corrosion behaviors of the composites in NaCl solutions were studied via gravimetric analysis and electrochemical measurements. The gravimetric analysis showed fluctuating dissolution rate of the samples in NaCl solution to indicate flawed film as well as corrosion product formation over the surface of the specimens. The observed corrosion mechanism of the samples was general and pitting corrosion. The presence of reinforcements within the Al6063 matrix acted as active sites for corrosion initiation. The range of values for E_corr and I_corr obtained in 3.5% NaCl at 24 h was between −220.62 and −899.46 mV and between 5.45 and 40.87 µA/cm², respectively, while at 72 h, the E_corr values ranged from 255.88 to −887.28 mV, and the I_corr ranged from 7.19 to 16.85 µA/cm². The Nyquist and Bode plots revealed the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the samples under investigation, with predominant reactions on the surface of the samples linked to charge transfer processes. The relative resistance to corrosion of the samples depends on the thin oxide film formed on the surface of the samples.

Titanium alloy is widely used in many industries due to its unique weight to strength ratio and high corrosion resistance. A suitable method of joining Titanium and its alloys is using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. A significant advantage of TIG welding over other fusion welding is its ability to use non-consumable electrodes. This research was carried out on Ti6Al4V alloy of 2-3 mm thickness using TIG welding. Current and gas flow rates were varied, with Argon used as the inert gas for the welding. The data and images presented in this article account for the mechanical (tensile and microhardness), fractography, and microstructural properties of the welded samples. This article will foster simulation of heat input and flux and mechanical properties of TIG-welded Ti6Al4V alloy.

The feasibility of joining laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V sheets using laser beam welding was investigated in this article. The additive manufactured sheets were joined using a 3 kW CW YLS-2000-TR ytterbium laser system. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded additive manufactured parts (AM welds) were compared with those of the wrought sheets welded using the same laser process. The welds were characterized and compared in terms of bead geometry, microhardness, tensile strength, fractography, and microstructure. The differences in characteristics are majorly found in the width of the bead and tensile strength. The bead width of AM welds appear wider than the wrought welds, and the wrought welds exhibited higher tensile strength and ductility than the AM welds.

The study examined the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloy reinforced with palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) and silicon carbide (SiC). The alloy matrix was reinforced with SiC (2 - 8 wt.%) and PKSA (2 wt.%). The double stir-casting method was used to prepare the hybrid composite. The mechanical properties of the produced samples were evaluated based on ASTM standards. Identification of phases present in the composite was done using a PANalytical Empyrean diffractometer, while the microstructural characterization was examined using a scanning electron machine with electron dispersive spectrometer attachment. The density values increase as the SiC contents in the composites increase. As the reinforcement particulates increase, the mechanical properties of the reinforced composite improved with hardness value (73 – 85.5 BHN); yield strength (81 – 102 MPa); and ultimate tensile strength (123 – 133 MPa) compared with the matrix alloy of 73 BHN, 79 MPa, and 116 MPa, respectively. However, the percentage elongation and the fracture toughness of the reinforced samples reduced to 34.2 and 40.11%, respectively. The phases identified in the composites were Al, SiO2, Fe3Si, MgO, and SiC. The synthesized hybrid composites would be applicable as building materials such as aluminium frames and roofing sheets.