Journal of Animal Science and Technology (JAST) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal publishing original research, review articles and notes in all fields of animal science. Topics covered by the journal include: genetics and breeding, physiology, nutrition of monogastric animals, nutrition of ruminants, animal products (milk, meat, eggs and their by-products) and their processing, grasslands and roughages, livestock environment, animal biotechnology, animal behavior and welfare.

The emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly those are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, thought to pose a serious threat to global health. This study aimed to isolate and identify the ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae from captive wild and migratory birds in Bangladesh along with their antimicrobial resistance characteristics. In this investigation, standard bacteriological methods were used to detect K. pneumoniae in 219 fecal samples. The positive isolates were confirmed by PCR and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. K. pneumoniae was detected in 93 (42.47%, 95% CI: 35.8–49.3) out of 219 fecal samples. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was higher in captive wild birds (50%; 40/80) compared to migratory birds (38.1%; 53/139). The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (69.9%) and streptomycin (64.5%). Conversely, the highest sensitivity was recorded for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.95%), followed by levofloxacin (79.57%) and gentamicin (69.89%). Molecular screening revealed that all positive isolates harbored bla_TEM-1&2 encoding genes, with 45.2% and 15.1% carried bla_SHV-1 and bla_OXA-1,4&30, respectively. Additionally, resistance genes strA (30.1%), tetA (9.7%), and sul1 (9.7%) were detected. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.18 to 0.64, with 63.4% of isolates classified as MDR. The isolation of MDR and ESBL producing K. pneumoniae from captive wild and migratory birds suggests that these birds may serve as reservoirs for the spread of these bacteria, potentially impacting public health in the study region.

Pasteurella multocida is an important bacterial respiratory pathogen of buffaloes and may cause major economic losses in the livestock sector. But there is a lack of data on its prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Bangladesh. The study was cross‐sectional, and a total of 400 buffaloes from seven locations in Bangladesh were included in the nasal swab collection. Isolation was done using culture methods and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between infection and risk factors were explored using logistic regression analysis; antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disc diffusion method. The co‐resistance patterns were assessed by Pearson's correlation analysis. The culture‐based prevalence of P. multocida was 12.25%, compared with a PCR‐confirmed prevalence of 7.25%; all PCR‐positive isolates were capsular type B, with notable regional variation in prevalence. Buffaloes with respiratory symptoms had significantly greater odds of being infected (OR = 8.88, p < 0.001), and the younger group of animals aged 1–3 years had a greater predisposition to infection than the younger ones, but sex was not significantly associated with infection. The isolates exhibited high antibiotic resistance, as demonstrated by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, particularly against ampicillin (96.55%), oxytetracycline (93.10%), and penicillin‐G (89.65%). Cefixime (93.10%) and azithromycin (68.96%) remained largely effective by contrast. Positive correlations were identified between resistance to β‐lactams, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. These findings suggest that multidrug‐resistant P. multocida type B is circulating in buffaloes in Bangladesh and highlight the need for increased surveillance, rational use of antimicrobials, and integrated control strategies.

Background: Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen in livestock and poses a potential public health threat. Objective: This cross‐sectional study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of S. aureus and MRSA isolated from buffalo nasal swabs in the Sylhet and Noakhali districts of Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 400 nasal swabs were collected and screened using selective culture and biochemical tests, followed by PCR targeting the nuc gene for S. aureus and the mecA gene for MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted using disk diffusion as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2020 standard. Results: Overall, 78 isolates (19.5%; 95% CI: 15.7–23.7) were confirmed as S. aureus , of which 43 (10.5%; 95% CI: 7.7–13.9) were identified as MRSA. Higher MRSA prevalence was observed in buffaloes aged 1–3 years (14.1%), males (14.8%; p = 0.01) and animals with respiratory symptoms (25.2%) compared to healthy buffaloes (4.3%; p < 0.001). AST of MRSA isolates showed high resistance to cefoxitin (97.7%), ceftriaxone (86.0%) and tetracycline (65.1%), whereas resistance to ciprofloxacin (4.7%) and levofloxacin (9.3%) was low. Multidrug resistance was detected in 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9–96.1) of MRSA isolates, with multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) values ranging from 0.23 to 0.54. Virulence genes ( sea , hla and icaA ) and resistance genes ( aac(3)‐IV , sul1 , tetA and strA ) were detected. Conclusion: These findings indicate a substantial MRSA burden in buffaloes, emphasizing the need for prudent antibiotic use and ongoing surveillance to reduce zoonotic transmission risks.