The article identifies the motivating factors behind the career preferences of university graduates who chose to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship. In this research, multi-methods—theoretical investigations and qualitative interviews—have been utilized to determine the factors responsible for promoting sustainable entrepreneurship in a developing region. The sample consisted of university graduates who chose to pursue their careers in entrepreneurial activities in Hyderabad, the sixth largest city of Pakistan located in Sindh Province. While determining why young academics choose entrepreneurship as a career choice, entrepreneurial careers are explored as an ongoing process of biographical sequences in which new ways of thinking and communication, new forms of economic and occupational challenges, and necessities as well as ways of success and failure are permanently claimed or raised. Due to these challenges, the youth are confronted with complex social and economic situation to deal with. The study findings provide guidelines on how sustainable entrepreneurship can be developed, engaged, and sustained in the future in developing and under-developed regions.

The aim of this study is to explore how entrepreneurship sustains the barriers in the entrepreneurial process in a developing country like Pakistan. To reach these findings, a qualitative approach was used in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with young entrepreneurs in the region of Hyderabad, Pakistan. After collecting data, thematic analysis was conducted. The findings of the study in the form of final themes suggest that trust issues, family barriers, financial issues, gender issues, educational barriers, corruption, and legal barriers are among the challenges which trigger changes in the entrepreneurial process and its sustainability. This study provides implications for the regional government, academic institutes, financial institutes, entrepreneurs, and society at large when developing a support system and promoting a sustainable entrepreneurial environment by minimizing these challenges and suggestions for an entrepreneurial focus on sustainable entrepreneurship.

Drawing on underpinning theories, this study conceptually develops a model helping organizations to transform green strategic mechanisms into a higher hotel’s green process innovation performance (GPIP). Using a multi-source survey, the study collected data from 401 respondents in hotels (e.g. 213 CEOs and 188 managing directors/general managers, 198 front-desk managers and 203 production managers). PLS-SEM was used to run regression analysis. The results support that green creativity (GC) is the top among five mediating green drivers, e.g. green organizational identity (GOI), green human capital (GHC), green organizational capital (GOC), and green relational capital (GRC) that strongly supports green strategic intent (GSI) to translate environment strategies into hotel GPIP. Accordingly, GOC highly supports GHC toward the hotel’s GPIP compared to GRC. Green knowledge sharing (GKS) negatively moderates the link between GC and the hotel GPIP, but fails to moderate GOI and the hotel GPIP.

SMEs have been efficiently used as the vehicles for promoting innovation, productivity, and the competitiveness of a country's national economy. Across the globe, SMEs have been playing a distinctive role in achieving the socio-economic objectives such as employment generation, poverty reduction, equalizing the distribution of national wealth, fostering innovation, and nurturing institutional competitiveness. The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the extent to which financial constraints hamper the growth of SMEs in Sindh, Pakistan. To collect the primary data, survey questionnaires were distributed to 100 SMEs from different economic sectors and registered in the Chamber of Commerce Offices in Sindh. Seven (7) critical financial constraints to SMEs were determined through the literature and included in the questionnaire. The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis and correlation techniques. The results show that SMEs in Pakistan are severely constrained by financing, particularly external equity. Financial ecosystem for SMEs in Pakistan is not friendly and one-size fits all rules and regulations may not suffice the financing needs of SMEs in Pakistan. It has been observed that the institutional weaknesses and market failures exacerbate the financial constraints of SMEs. The government, exclusively, should develop specialized banks and funds to cater to the financing needs of SMEs in their various stages of the business cycle. Furthermore, the Credit Guarantee Schemes (CGS) should also be launched to share the risk of Financial Institutions for lending to the SMEs.

This paper investigates the financial ratios prediction on Stock Market Returns for Pakistan Stock Exchange. The research includes three financial ratios; Dividend Yield (DY), Earning Yield Ratio (EYR) and Book-to-Market Ratio (B/M); that have been observed through past researchers as predictors of Stock Market Returns. The theoretical framework is based on Arbitrage Pricing Theory and Capital Asset Pricing Model CAPM by Roll and Ross (1977) and Fama-French 3 factor (1992). Generalized Least Squares (GLS) is applied to estimate the predictive regressions, Cointegration runs are applied to evaluate the long-term relationship, and Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) to measure the moments over the years and fluctuations in stock returns. The study results show financial ratios as strong predictor of stock return in Pakistan Stock Exchange, the GMM analyses reveal that the EYR has the higher predictive power than DY and B/M respectively. Furthermore, it is found that the financial ratios predictability is enhanced when ratios are combined in the multiple predictive regression models. The research findings are useful for the stock market investors to evaluate their decisions and for academic researchers to evaluate the stock market and investment predictability.