Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have proven to be a practical option for lowering greenhouse gas emissions and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Lithium-ion batteries, at the core of this innovation, require efficient thermal management to ensure optimal performance, safety, and durability. This article reviews current scientific studies on controlling the temperature of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles. Several cooling strategies are discussed, including air cooling, liquid cooling, the use of phase change materials (PCMs), and hybrids that combine these three types of cooling, with the primary objective of enhancing the thermal performance of the batteries. Additionally, the challenges and proposed solutions in battery pack design and energy management methodologies are explored. As the demand for electric vehicles increases, improving battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) is becoming increasingly important. Implementing and developing better BTMSs will help increase the autonomy and safety of electric vehicles in the long term.

Inverters have played a fundamental role in the development of energy conversion, especially in industrial applications. Over time, new architectures have been developed to optimize performance and reduce energy losses. Among the alternatives are dual inverters, which offer greater control flexibility, improve output wave quality, and, most importantly, have a greater impact on reducing energy consumption. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review and classify the main dual inverter topologies and modulation strategies, evaluating their advantages, limitations, and potential applications in industrial systems.

The drying kinetics and physical and chemical characteristics of Leucaena esculenta seed drying using a forced convection solar dryer are described. The drying kinetics behavior is examined for three experiments under climate conditions of three different winter days in central Mexico, observing significant effects related to the reported pH levels of the seeds with values of 6.34, 5.98, 5.97, 5.82, and 6.07. The airflow measurements inside the drying chamber were observed, including the geometric dimensions, color, appearance, weight, and moisture loss, and the effective diffusivity coefficient $\left(D_{eff}\right)$ of Leucaena esculenta with values between 1.23 × 10⁻⁷ and 8.09 × 10⁻⁹ ${\displaystyle \frac{{\mathrm{m}}^2}{\mathrm{s}}}$. Solar drying, with the technology used in this study, is a viable alternative to give added value to Leucaena esculenta. This study can be the basis for developing alternatives to preserve seeds for animal and human consumption.