In accordance with sustainable economic and social development, Europe supports the use of energy from renewable sources to decrease the use of fossil fuels. Among renewable energy sources, wood, especially production wood waste from the supply chain, represents an exploitable source in line with a circular economy development. In this context, processing of residues produced by wood companies becomes an important resource. This work deals with the possible energy recovery of glued wood wastes. Two solid biofuels were produced from glued wood wastes: pellets and briquettes. They have been produced in collaboration with a local company and analyzed according to the applicable EN ISO international standards. The results were compared with the limits imposed by the standards in order to identify their quality class and their applicability to the current market. The amount of adhesive present in the wood wastes does not negatively affect the intrinsic characteristics of the material that is suitable for the production of solid biofuels. In addition, the amount of wood waste containing cross-linked polyurethane was calculated in order not to compromise the quality of solid biofuels made therefrom.

Tannin polyphenols are produced by plants to protect themselves against natural decay. It is expected that impregnating low-durable timber with tannin extracts of more durable species such as quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) will enhance the durability of the specimens. This biomimetic approach combined with the in situ polymerization of quebracho–hexamine formulations can be a valid alternative to synthetic wood preservatives. In this work, we aim to evaluate the impregnation mechanism as well as the impact of tannin and hardener concentration on the mechanical and leaching resistance properties of treated wood. Compression resistance, surface hardness and leaching resistance of four different common non-durable wood species: spruce (Picea abies), pine (Pinus spp.), poplar (Populus alba) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) impregnated with different concentrations of extract and hexamine are presented. The results show that the mechanical properties of tannin-impregnated timber are enhanced, especially for timber with lower densities. Tannin and hardener concentrations tendentially do not contribute significantly to further increase MOE (modulus of elasticity), MOR (modulus of rupture) and Brinell hardness. Similar results are also obtained when the specimens are tested against leaching: tannin is significantly more water-resistant when cured with hexamine, but higher amounts of hardener do not further improve its water resistance. These findings suggest that quebracho tannin–hexamine formulations are already effective at low concentrations (5 to 10% extract with 2.5 to 5% hexamine).

The sensitivity and interest toward well-being and health inside work and living environments is constantly growing. Wood is perceived as a natural material by people and its presence in a room generally induces beneficial effects on human beings. In this research, two real-sized identical wood and not-wood rooms have been built to study the psychological effects of a wooden indoor environment on attention recovery and restorativeness. After a multisensory evaluation of different kind of materials used in housing, participants were asked to evaluate the two rooms and then to perform an attention test two times, interspersed with a pause in one of the two rooms. The results show that wood samples are more appreciated than all other materials and that a wood environment induces an attentional resources’ recovery. These findings bring new insights in the interaction between human beings and indoor environments. This new knowledge should be taken into account in the design or renovation of buildings by architects and builders.

This study examines the rapid degradation of oak mooring piles caused by shipworms in Venice, Italy. In the last few decades, this problem has raised significant safety and environmental concerns, as the piles often need to be replaced every 18–24 months. The sound basic density and diameter of 22 oak piles were analysed after being exposed to shipworm attacks for 18–240 months to determine whether denser piles or larger diameters influence the rate of decay. This was performed to assess whether larger cross sections or higher densities of the piles could imply an increased durability against marine borers. The impact of environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels was also assessed. The results highlighted that pile density and diameter do not significantly influence the resistance against shipworms, while rising temperatures (+2 °C in the past two decades) may contribute to accelerating shipworm activity. These phenomena are worsened by the arrival of warm-water shipworms since 2013, exhibiting greater aggressiveness in wood degradation. Furthermore, the potential impact of storm surge barriers on shipworm activity remains an open research topic. Alternative materials and protection techniques introduced since 2015, such as polyurethane piles or metal stapling, face environmental and logistical challenges. Despite these alternatives, many new oak mooring piles are still installed in Venice without protection and are vulnerable to rapid deterioration. Addressing these issues requires multidisciplinary research to develop sustainable materials and preservation techniques for maintaining infrastructure in Venice.

Illegal logging and related illegal timber trade are currently recognized as one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems. In several timber-exporting countries most of the trees are illegally cut, resulting in significant losses of incomes and irreversible damage to forests. In the last years several laws and regulations have been introduced to tackle global illegal trade of wood, such as the 2008 amendment to the US Lacey act, or the European Timber Regulation (EUTR). Professionals of the timber sector are therefore more and more called to a better knowledge of the material they are dealing with, and the identification of the wood species is one of the crucial steps necessary to verify timber legality. In this paper we introduce some recently developed tools aimed at facilitating non-experts to effectively identify wood through macroscopic analysis and possibly find substitutes for woods of uncertain legality.