This study aims to carry out a bibliographic review of the scientific literature of the last 13 years (2010-2023) of the scientific articles included in the PudMed, Scielo and Academic Google database, with the aim of determining which are the most comorbid clinical pictures with the disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). First, a general search was made for those articles that included the keywords “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder” and “comorbidity” in the Abstract, to carry out more specific searches from there. After this second, more systematic search, a pre-selection of articles by title was carried out. Subsequently, two more preselections were carried out based on the content of the After the different filters applied, finally, 42 articles were selected that were analyzed in depth one by one in order to respond to the objective of this study. The review of the literature shows that the most comorbid disorders with ADHD were behavioral problems, learning disorders, risk of injury, anxiety and depression disorders, negativity defiant disorders (ODD) and affective disorder. It is necessary to highlight the existence of individual differences in all clinical manifestations, and that more important than knowing the comorbid categories with ADHD, is the realization of a dimensional approach to said conditions, since certain subclinical conditions may not be detected as comorbid if we approach them from a categorical approach.

This critical integrative review reassesses the lipid paradigm by systematically mapping 380 influential trials and cohort studies on cholesterol, saturated fats, and statins in relation to cardiovascular and cognitive outcomes. The evidence base reveals a nearly even split between studies supporting and challenging LDL-centric causality, alongside pervasive methodological flaws, including reliance on surrogate lipid markers, ecological inferences, residual confounding, and industry-related reporting biases. Trial-generation comparisons and structured risk-of-bias assessment (ROB 2, ROBINS-I) repeatedly show that substantial pharmacological LDL reductions do not consistently yield proportional reductions in myocardial infarction, stroke, or all-cause mortality. Integrating Mendelian randomization with clinical and metabolomic data, the review advances a Critical Window Hypothesis in which LDL is necessary but not sufficient for atherogenesis, exerting dominant causal influence during early and midlife plaque initiation, while inflammatory, oxidative, and hemodynamic factors become primary drivers in advanced disease. Metabolomic studies of extreme longevity and late-life cohorts demonstrate that bile acids, steroid metabolites, and low-glycemic metabolic profiles—not total cholesterol—better predict survival and cognitive preservation, and that higher LDL in the oldest-old often associates with lower mortality and dementia risk. These findings challenge universal LDL-centric policies and support lifestyle medicine strategies prioritizing systemic metabolic optimization over isolated cholesterol targets.

El presente estudio perseguía esclarecer las relaciones entre la vulnerabilidad a padecer un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (anorexia y bulimia nerviosa) con los factores de personalidad (trastorno narcisista, trastorno límite de la personalidad y perfeccionismo) e IMC. Para ello se estudió a 210 estudiantes universitarios (82,3% mujeres) que cumplimentaron los cuestionarios MPS (perfeccionismo), SCID-II (trastornos de la personalidad) y EDI-2 (TCA). Se encontraron diferencias intersexo para la vulnerabilidad a padecer TCA, siendo las mujeres más propensas a ello. Los hallazgos resaltan que ningún factor es un predictor único. Sin embargo, el conjunto de las variables resultó ser de interés, explicando cada una un porcentaje de la varianza del cuestionario EDI-2, el cual mide TCA. Se propone estudiar la relación de estas variables con otras sociodemográficas (factor socioeconómico y status social), así como la percepción del cuerpo, las limitaciones del IMC y las diferencias entre las ramas de estudio.