A global and real-time control with embedded hardware artificial neural network (ANN) for imbalance current suppression of parallel connected IGBTs is firstly proposed in this paper. This method focuses on control strategy and control execution. The former one is realized by porting the ANN based PID (ANN-PID) strategy in the control loop to yield the real-time and adaptive characteristics without IGBT quantity limitation. The latter one is realized by designing the IGBT gate quantity of charge regulator (GQR) to execute the command from ANN-PID controller. The evaluation of ANN-PID algorithm results 0.023% mean error in IGBT current control that reveals the feasibility of the proposed method. A full prototype with FPGA based hardware accelerator for ANN-PID computing, including the designed GQR circuit, has been built for realization and qualification in a buck converter with parallel connected IGBTs. The experimental results show that the performance of proposed method in imbalance current suppression is improved about 3.5 to 5.5 times as the load increase from low to high with the advantage of immunity to load change and the current imbalance can be suppressed within 4%.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) emphasizes that using real building energy use data (RBEUD) to reflect the actual condition of buildings and inform policy-making is the most effective way to reduce buildings’ carbon emissions. However, based on IEA’s evaluation, regional and national building stock data are limited and lacking. Especially for China, the lack of RBEUD in buildings has limited our ability to address the energy performance gap (EPG). In this research, EPG refers to the difference between regulated energy consumption by design standards and actual energy usage. EPG makes it difficult to develop buildings that are energy-efficient. Therefore, this study aims to gather and analyze RBEUD in order to understand the role of occupants’ behavior in explaining the EPG of energy-efficient residential buildings in China. The results suggest that the actual consumption of residential buildings is less than 1/5–1/3 of the theoretical limits. The heat pump and air conditioner’s actual schedules and setpoint settings are the significant drivers that explain the EPG. In addition, the presentation of a database of 1128 households provides actual usage behavior parameters for policy-makers to improve the accuracy of building energy forecasting models.

China consumes 0.15-0.2 million tons of antibiotics yearly, which takes up 50% of the world’s consumption. In this paper, 7 watersheds in China were investigated in order to show a clear picture of the antibiotic distribution in the environment, seasonal variation, and sources. We find that the majority of the aquatic antibiotics come from livestock and aquaculture, followed by medical waste, wastewater treatment plants, and domestic sewage. The spatial distribution of antibiotics varies greatly. Antibiotic concentrations were the lowest in the Yangtze River while the highest was in the Liaohe River and the Pearl River. Songhua watershed and the Southwest River, influenced by the economy and population in the northwest region, displayed a lower quantity of antibiotics. Seasonal variance showed dry season concentrations that were higher than the wet season. Additionally, antibiotics exist not only in the water but also in the sediments. Overall, the distribution of antibiotics in China is uneven due to the economy and population levels. Public health risk and ecological impacts are big concerns regarding the great deal of antibiotic consumption and discharge.

Total-ionizing-dose radiation response for 600V ultra-thin layer SOI LDMOS transistor is investigated. Radiation conduction modulation model is proposed to reveal the degradation mechanism of conduction current and breakdown voltage. Multi-interface irradiation damage cause positive net trapped charge, which reduces on-resistance equivalently and enhance conduction current. Meanwhile, they suppress the depletion in the drift region at off-state and then decrease breakdown voltage. Based on the model, irradiation induced net trapped charge density are extracted to evaluate the irradiation damage in drift region.