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Suhana Koting
Center for Transportation Research, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

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Review
Published: 19 July 2021 in Sustainability
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One effective method to minimize the increasing cost in the construction industry is by using coal bottom ash waste as a substitute material. The high volume of coal bottom ash waste generated each year and the improper disposal methods have raised a grave pollution concern because of the harmful impact of the waste on the environment and human health. Recycling coal bottom ash is an effective way to reduce the problems associated with its disposal. This paper reviews the current physical and chemical and utilization of coal bottom ash as a substitute material in the construction industry. The main objective of this review is to highlight the potential of recycling bottom ash in the field of civil construction. This review encourages and promotes effective recycling of coal bottom ash and identifies the vast range of coal bottom ash applications in the construction industry.

ACS Style

Syakirah Mohammed; Suhana Koting; Herda Katman; Ali Babalghaith; Muhamad Abdul Patah; Mohd Ibrahim; Mohamed Karim. A Review of the Utilization of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) in the Construction Industry. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8031 .

AMA Style

Syakirah Mohammed, Suhana Koting, Herda Katman, Ali Babalghaith, Muhamad Abdul Patah, Mohd Ibrahim, Mohamed Karim. A Review of the Utilization of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) in the Construction Industry. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8031.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syakirah Mohammed; Suhana Koting; Herda Katman; Ali Babalghaith; Muhamad Abdul Patah; Mohd Ibrahim; Mohamed Karim. 2021. "A Review of the Utilization of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) in the Construction Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8031.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The utilisation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a suitable substitute for natural aggregate and binder offers an energy-saving and cost-effective approach to enhance the performance of asphalt mix. Realising the potential use of RAP as a promising recycling technique, many countries are seeking to recycle RAP as part of the global effort to address the rising challenge of climate change and contribute to a sustainable environment. This study aimed to develop an integrated approach to determine the amount of RAP to be used in an asphaltic concrete wearing course with 14 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (ACW14). The RAP was incorporated with two waste materials comprising waste engine oil (WEO) as a rejuvenator and Crumb Rubber (CRM) as a binder modifier. A total of five different mixes, which include R0 (control mix), R30, R50, R70, and R100 (replacement of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% of RAP aggregates in the mix, respectively) were evaluated. The Marshall parameters, resilient modulus (MR), indirect tensile fatigue, moisture susceptibility, and mass loss (ML) tests were conducted to investigate the performance of each mix. Finally, an arbitrary scale was developed to optimise the RAP content. The results showed that the Marshall parameters, moisture susceptibility, and ML values of the RAP mixes met the criteria outlined in the standard. According to the MR performance, the R50, R70, and R100 mixes were more resilient than the R0. In terms of fatigue resistance, the R30, R50, and R70 mixes showed better performance than the R0. Overall, the collective performance of all RAP mixes was above the R0 and it increased with the increment of RAP content. Therefore, it was possible to design ACW14 mixes with up to 100% RAP in combination with WEO and CRM.

ACS Style

Zahid Hossain Khan; Suhana Koting; Herda Katman; Mohd Ibrahim; Ali Babalghaith; Obada Asqool. Performance of High Content Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Asphaltic Mix with Crumb Rubber Modifier and Waste Engine Oil as Rejuvenator. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5226 .

AMA Style

Zahid Hossain Khan, Suhana Koting, Herda Katman, Mohd Ibrahim, Ali Babalghaith, Obada Asqool. Performance of High Content Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Asphaltic Mix with Crumb Rubber Modifier and Waste Engine Oil as Rejuvenator. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):5226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zahid Hossain Khan; Suhana Koting; Herda Katman; Mohd Ibrahim; Ali Babalghaith; Obada Asqool. 2021. "Performance of High Content Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Asphaltic Mix with Crumb Rubber Modifier and Waste Engine Oil as Rejuvenator." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5226.

Conference paper
Published: 30 April 2021 in Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
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Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a type of gap-graded hot mix asphalt which consists of a coarse aggregates’ skeleton and high binder content. This type of mixture has been used in many countries due to its toughness, stability and rut resistance mixture that relies on stone-to-stone contact for its strength and a rich mortar binder for its durability. On the other hand, there are some distresses that occur in SMA road pavement, which leads to a significant decrease in the life of the asphalt pavement. Therefore, the asphalt mixture needs to be modified by additive, such as fiber, to improve its mechanical properties and delay the deterioration. In this study, the influence of black PET fiber as an additive in the SMA mixture was focused. Six sets of asphalt mixtures were prepared using different proportions of black PET fiber content (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% by the total mixture weight). Volumetric properties, Resilient Modulus, and Indirect Tensile Strength performance were investigated. The result showed that the optimum binder content for SMA mixture was 6.22%. It is also indicated that the use of black PET fiber as additive improved the Resilient Modulus and Indirect Tensile Strength performance. In conclusion, the use of Black PET fiber in SMA mixture indicates a positive potential to be applied in flexible pavement construction.

ACS Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith; Suhana Koting; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Shaifulazuar Rozali; Mohd Ridha Muhamad; Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir; Ahmed El-Shafei; Faridah Hanim Khairuddin; Nur Izzi Md Yusoff. Effect of Black PET Fiber as Additive on the Mechanical Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2021, 249 -260.

AMA Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith, Suhana Koting, Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim, Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd, Shaifulazuar Rozali, Mohd Ridha Muhamad, Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir, Ahmed El-Shafei, Faridah Hanim Khairuddin, Nur Izzi Md Yusoff. Effect of Black PET Fiber as Additive on the Mechanical Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2021; ():249-260.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith; Suhana Koting; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Shaifulazuar Rozali; Mohd Ridha Muhamad; Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir; Ahmed El-Shafei; Faridah Hanim Khairuddin; Nur Izzi Md Yusoff. 2021. "Effect of Black PET Fiber as Additive on the Mechanical Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 249-260.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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The palm oil industry has been projected to increase annually, hence resulting in a large number of waste materials being dumped into landfills. In order to decrease the adverse effects of these wastes on the environment, they may be used to substitute conventional aggregates in building roadway pavements. Having that said, this study assessed the effect of using palm oil clinker (POC) as a substitute to fine aggregate on the mechanical properties of SMA mixtures. A range of asphalt mixtures were prepared by replacing the fine aggregate with different POC contents (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Additionally, 50% of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was used as filler in the asphalt mixtures. Resilient modulus, wheel tracking, dynamic creep, indirect tensile strength, and Cantabro durability tests were conducted on all the prepared asphalt mixtures. The results signified the suitability of POC for 100% substitution of fine aggregate in SMA mixture, as it enhanced resilient modulus, resistance to rutting, tensile strength, and resistance to moisture damage. Conclusively, SMA20 mixture between 40% and 60% displayed better mechanical properties, when compared to other mixtures.

ACS Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith; Suhana Koting; Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Badr Mohammed AlMashjary. Performance evaluation of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures with palm oil clinker (POC) as fine aggregate replacement. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 262, 120546 .

AMA Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith, Suhana Koting, Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Badr Mohammed AlMashjary. Performance evaluation of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures with palm oil clinker (POC) as fine aggregate replacement. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 262 ():120546.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith; Suhana Koting; Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Badr Mohammed AlMashjary. 2020. "Performance evaluation of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures with palm oil clinker (POC) as fine aggregate replacement." Construction and Building Materials 262, no. : 120546.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Aggregate composition has a pivotal role in ensuring the quality of pavement materials. The use of waste materials to replace the aggregate composition of asphalt pavement leads to green, sustainable, and environmentally friendly construction, which ultimately preserves nature by reducing the need to harvest materials from natural sources. Using the Marshall mix design, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of waste palm oil clinker (POC) as fine aggregates replacement on the properties of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture. Six groups of asphalt mixtures were prepared using different percentages of palm oil clinker content (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). To determine the Marshall properties and select the optimum binder content, asphalt mixture samples with different percentages of asphalt binder content (5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, and 7.0%) were prepared for each group. The results showed that the palm oil clinker was appropriate for use as a fine aggregate replacement up to 100% in SMA mixture and could satisfy the mix design requirements in terms of Marshall stability, flow, quotient, and volumetric properties. However, the percentage of palm oil clinker replacement as fine aggregate has merely influenced the optimum binder content. Furthermore, there were improvements in the drain down, resilient modulus and indirect tensile fatigue performances of the SMA mixture. In conclusion, the use of POC as fine aggregates replacement in SMA mixture indicates a good potential to be commercialized in flexible pavement construction.

ACS Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith; Suhana Koting; Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Syakirah Afiza Mohammed; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim. Effect of Palm Oil Clinker (POC) Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2716 .

AMA Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith, Suhana Koting, Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Syakirah Afiza Mohammed, Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim. Effect of Palm Oil Clinker (POC) Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith; Suhana Koting; Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Syakirah Afiza Mohammed; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim. 2020. "Effect of Palm Oil Clinker (POC) Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2716.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2019 in Sustainability
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The simulation elevation-surface area-storage interrelationship of a reservoir is a crucial task in developing ideal water release policies for reservoir and dam operations. In this study, an inclusive (stochastic dynamic programming-artificial neural network (SDP-ANN)) model was established and applied to obtain an ideal reservoir operation strategy for Sg. Langat reservoir in Malaysia. The problems associated with the management of water resources mostly relate to uncertainty and the stochastic nature of the reservoir inflow, and the SDP-ANN model is meant to consider uncertainty in the input parameters such as reservoir inflow and reservoir evaporation losses. The performance of the SDP-ANN model was compared to that of the stochastic dynamic programming-autoregression (AR) model. The primary aim of the model is to decrease the squared deviation from the desired water release, which we determined by comparing the SDP-AR and SDP-ANN model performances. The results indicate that the SDP-ANN model demonstrated greater resilience and reliability with a lower supply deficit. Consequently, the case study results confirm that the SDP-ANN model performs better than the SDP-AR model in obtaining the best parameters for the reservoir operation. Specifically, a comparison of the models shows that the proposed Model 2 increased the reliability and resilience of the system by 7.5% and 6.3%, respectively.

ACS Style

Sabah Saadi Fayaed; Seef Saadi Fiyadh; Wong Jee Khai; Ali Najah Ahmed; Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan; Rusul Khaleel Ibrahim; Chow Ming Fai; Suhana Koting; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar; Lai Sai Hin; Ahmed El-Shafie. Improving Dam and Reservoir Operation Rules Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming and Artificial Neural Network Integration Model. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5367 .

AMA Style

Sabah Saadi Fayaed, Seef Saadi Fiyadh, Wong Jee Khai, Ali Najah Ahmed, Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Rusul Khaleel Ibrahim, Chow Ming Fai, Suhana Koting, Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd, Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar, Lai Sai Hin, Ahmed El-Shafie. Improving Dam and Reservoir Operation Rules Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming and Artificial Neural Network Integration Model. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabah Saadi Fayaed; Seef Saadi Fiyadh; Wong Jee Khai; Ali Najah Ahmed; Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan; Rusul Khaleel Ibrahim; Chow Ming Fai; Suhana Koting; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar; Lai Sai Hin; Ahmed El-Shafie. 2019. "Improving Dam and Reservoir Operation Rules Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming and Artificial Neural Network Integration Model." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5367.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2019 in Applied Sciences
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Climate change is one of the most effectual variables on the dam operations and reservoir water system. This is due to the fact that climate change has a direct effect on the rainfall–runoff process that is influencing the water inflow to the reservoir. This study examines future trends in climate change in terms of temperature and precipitation as an important predictor to minimize the gap between water supply and demand. In this study, temperature and precipitation were predicted for the period between 2046 and 2065, in the context of climate change, based on the A1B scenario and the HAD-CM3 model. Runoff volume was then predicted with the IHACRES model. A new, nature-inspired optimization algorithm, named the shark algorithm, was examined. Climate change model results were utilized by the shark algorithm to generate an optimal operation rule for dam and reservoir water systems to minimize the gap between water supply and demand for irrigation purposes. The proposed model was applied for the Aydoughmoush Dam in Iran. Results showed that, due to the decrease in water runoff to the reservoir and the increase in irrigation demand, serious irrigation deficits could occur downstream of the Aydoughmoush Dam.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ehteram; El- Shafie; Lai Sai Hin; Faridah Othman; Suhana Koting; Hojat Karami; Sayed-Farhad Mousavi; Saeed Farzin; Ali Najah Ahmed; Mohd Hafiz Bin Zawawi; Shabbir Hossain; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan; Hin; Bin Zawawi; Mohd; Afan; Amr H. El-Shafie; Ahmed El-Shafie. Toward Bridging Future Irrigation Deficits Utilizing the Shark Algorithm Integrated with a Climate Change Model. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3960 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ehteram, El- Shafie, Lai Sai Hin, Faridah Othman, Suhana Koting, Hojat Karami, Sayed-Farhad Mousavi, Saeed Farzin, Ali Najah Ahmed, Mohd Hafiz Bin Zawawi, Shabbir Hossain, Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd, Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Hin, Bin Zawawi, Mohd, Afan, Amr H. El-Shafie, Ahmed El-Shafie. Toward Bridging Future Irrigation Deficits Utilizing the Shark Algorithm Integrated with a Climate Change Model. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (19):3960.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ehteram; El- Shafie; Lai Sai Hin; Faridah Othman; Suhana Koting; Hojat Karami; Sayed-Farhad Mousavi; Saeed Farzin; Ali Najah Ahmed; Mohd Hafiz Bin Zawawi; Shabbir Hossain; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan; Hin; Bin Zawawi; Mohd; Afan; Amr H. El-Shafie; Ahmed El-Shafie. 2019. "Toward Bridging Future Irrigation Deficits Utilizing the Shark Algorithm Integrated with a Climate Change Model." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19: 3960.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) were utilized to remove mercury ions from water. An artificial neural network (ANN) technique was used for modelling the functionalized CNTs adsorption capacity. The amount of adsorbent dosage, contact time, mercury ions concentration and pH were varied, and the effect of parameters on the functionalized CNT adsorption capacity is observed. The (NARX) network, (FFNN) network and layer recurrent (LR) neural network were used. The model performance was compared using different indicators, including the root mean square error (RMSE), relative root mean square error (RRMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean square error (MSE), correlation coefficient (R2) and relative error (RE). Three kinetic models were applied to the experimental and predicted data; the pseudo second-order model was the best at describing the data. The maximum RE, R2 and MSE were 9.79%, 0.9701 and 1.15 × 10-3, respectively, for the NARX model; 15.02%, 0.9304 and 2.2 × 10-3 for the LR model; and 16.4%, 0.9313 and 2.27 × 10-3 for the FFNN model. The NARX model accurately predicted the adsorption capacity with better performance than the FFNN and LR models.

ACS Style

Seef Saadi Fiyadh; Mohamed Khalid AlOmar; Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar; Mohammed AbdulHakim Alsaadi; Sabah Saadi Fayaed; Suhana Binti Koting; Sai Hin Lai; Ming Fai Chow; Ali Najah Ahmed; Ahmed El-Shafie. Artificial Neural Network Approach for Modelling of Mercury Ions Removal from Water Using Functionalized CNTs with Deep Eutectic Solvent. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 4206 .

AMA Style

Seef Saadi Fiyadh, Mohamed Khalid AlOmar, Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar, Mohammed AbdulHakim Alsaadi, Sabah Saadi Fayaed, Suhana Binti Koting, Sai Hin Lai, Ming Fai Chow, Ali Najah Ahmed, Ahmed El-Shafie. Artificial Neural Network Approach for Modelling of Mercury Ions Removal from Water Using Functionalized CNTs with Deep Eutectic Solvent. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (17):4206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seef Saadi Fiyadh; Mohamed Khalid AlOmar; Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar; Mohammed AbdulHakim Alsaadi; Sabah Saadi Fayaed; Suhana Binti Koting; Sai Hin Lai; Ming Fai Chow; Ali Najah Ahmed; Ahmed El-Shafie. 2019. "Artificial Neural Network Approach for Modelling of Mercury Ions Removal from Water Using Functionalized CNTs with Deep Eutectic Solvent." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17: 4206.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2019 in Applied Sciences
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In recent decades, solving complex real-life optimization problems has attracted the full attention of researchers. Dam and reservoir operation rules are considered one of the most complicated optimization engineering problems. In fact, the operation rules of dams and reservoirs are multisystematic and highly stochastic and have highly nonlinear system constraints due to the direct influence of environmental conditions: Therefore, these rules are considered highly complex optimization problems. Recently, metaheuristic methods inferred from nature have been broadly utilized to elucidate the way optimal solutions are provided for several complex optimization engineering applications, and these methods have achieved interesting results. The major advantage of these metaheuristic methods over conventional methods is the unnecessity to identify a particular initial condition, convexity, continuity, or differentiability. The present study investigated the potential of using a new metaheuristic method (i.e., the crow algorithm (CA)) to provide optimal operations for multireservoir systems, with the aim of optimally improving hydropower generation. A multireservoir system in China was considered to examine the performance of the proposed optimization algorithm for several operation scenarios. The results obtained the average hydropower generation by considering all examined operation scenarios based on the operation rule achieved using the CA, which outperformed the other metaheuristic methods. In addition, compared to other metaheuristic methods, the proposed CA lessened the time required to search for the optimal solution. In conclusion, the proposed CA has high potential for achieving optimal solutions to complex optimization problems associated with dam and reservoir operations.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ehteram; Suhana Binti Koting; Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; M. A. Malek; Ali Najah Ahmed; Amr H. El-Shafie; Chiu Chuen Onn; Sai Hin Lai; Ahmed El-Shafie. New Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimizing Hydropower Generation Considering Multireservoir Systems. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2280 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ehteram, Suhana Binti Koting, Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd, M. A. Malek, Ali Najah Ahmed, Amr H. El-Shafie, Chiu Chuen Onn, Sai Hin Lai, Ahmed El-Shafie. New Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimizing Hydropower Generation Considering Multireservoir Systems. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (11):2280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ehteram; Suhana Binti Koting; Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; M. A. Malek; Ali Najah Ahmed; Amr H. El-Shafie; Chiu Chuen Onn; Sai Hin Lai; Ahmed El-Shafie. 2019. "New Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimizing Hydropower Generation Considering Multireservoir Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11: 2280.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in Sustainability
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Multi-purpose advanced systems are considered a complex problem in water resource management, and the use of data-intelligence methodologies in operating such systems provides major advantages for decision-makers. The current research is devoted to the implementation of hybrid novel meta-heuristic algorithms (e.g., the bat algorithm (BA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm) to formulate multi-purpose systems for power production and irrigation supply. The proposed hybrid modelling method was applied for the multi-purpose reservoir system of Bhadra Dam, which is located in the state of Karnataka, India. The average monthly demand for irrigation is 142.14 (106 m3), and the amount of released water based on the new hybrid algorithm (NHA) is 141.25 (106 m3). Compared with the shark algorithm (SA), BA, weed algorithm (WA), PSO algorithm, and genetic algorithm (GA), the NHA decreased the computation time by 28%, 36%, 39%, 82%, and 88%, respectively, which represents an excellent enhancement result. The amount of released water based on the proposed hybrid method attains a more reliable index for the volumetric percentage and provides a more effective operation rule for supplying the irrigation demand. Additionally, the average demand for power production is 18.90 (106 kwh), whereas the NHA produces 18.09 (106 kwh) of power. Power production utilizing the NHA’s operation rule achieved a sufficient magnitude relative to that of stand-alone models, such as the BA, PSO, WA, SA, and GA. The excellent proficiency of the developed intelligence expert system is the result of the hybrid structure of the BA and PSO algorithm and the substitution of weaker solutions in each algorithm with better solutions from other algorithms. The main advantage of the proposed NHA is its ability to increase the diversity of solutions and hence avoid the worst possible solutions obtained using BA, that is, preventing a decrease in local optima. In addition, the NHA enhances the convergence rate obtained using the PSO algorithm. Hence, the proposed NHA as an intelligence model could contribute to providing reliable solutions for complex multi-purpose reservoir systems to optimize the operation rule for similar reservoir systems worldwide.

ACS Style

Zaher Mundher Yaseen; Mohammad Ehteram; Shabbir Hossain; Chow Ming Fai; Suhana Binti Koting; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar; Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan; Lai Sai Hin; Nuratiah Zaini; Ali Najah Ahmed; Ahmed El-Shafie. A Novel Hybrid Evolutionary Data-Intelligence Algorithm for Irrigation and Power Production Management: Application to Multi-Purpose Reservoir Systems. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1953 .

AMA Style

Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Mohammad Ehteram, Shabbir Hossain, Chow Ming Fai, Suhana Binti Koting, Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd, Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar, Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Lai Sai Hin, Nuratiah Zaini, Ali Najah Ahmed, Ahmed El-Shafie. A Novel Hybrid Evolutionary Data-Intelligence Algorithm for Irrigation and Power Production Management: Application to Multi-Purpose Reservoir Systems. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):1953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaher Mundher Yaseen; Mohammad Ehteram; Shabbir Hossain; Chow Ming Fai; Suhana Binti Koting; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Wan Zurina Binti Jaafar; Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan; Lai Sai Hin; Nuratiah Zaini; Ali Najah Ahmed; Ahmed El-Shafie. 2019. "A Novel Hybrid Evolutionary Data-Intelligence Algorithm for Irrigation and Power Production Management: Application to Multi-Purpose Reservoir Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 1953.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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ACS Style

Chiu Chuen Onn; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Choon Wah Yuen; Siaw Chuing Loo; Suhana Koting; Ahmad Faiz Abd Rashid; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Sumiani Yusoff. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with electric vehicle charging: The impact of electricity generation mix in a developing country. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2018, 64, 15 -22.

AMA Style

Chiu Chuen Onn, Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd, Choon Wah Yuen, Siaw Chuing Loo, Suhana Koting, Ahmad Faiz Abd Rashid, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Sumiani Yusoff. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with electric vehicle charging: The impact of electricity generation mix in a developing country. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2018; 64 ():15-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiu Chuen Onn; Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd; Choon Wah Yuen; Siaw Chuing Loo; Suhana Koting; Ahmad Faiz Abd Rashid; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Sumiani Yusoff. 2018. "Greenhouse gas emissions associated with electric vehicle charging: The impact of electricity generation mix in a developing country." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 64, no. : 15-22.

Research article
Published: 26 July 2016 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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This study aims at comparing the permanent deformation of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) rubberized asphalt mixtures produced by the wet process. In this study, rubberized binders were prepared using two different blending methods, namely, continuous blend and terminal blend. To study the creep behaviour of control and rubberized asphalt mixtures, the dynamic creep test was performed using Universal Materials Testing Apparatus (UMATTA) at different temperatures and stress levels. Zhou three-stage creep model was utilized to evaluate the deformation characteristics of the mixtures. In all test conditions, the highest resistance to permanent deformation is showed by the rubberized mixtures produced with continuous blend binders. This study also reveals that the permanent deformation of rubberized mixtures cannot be predicted based on the characteristics of the rubberized binders.

ACS Style

Herda Yati Katman; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Suhana Koting; Nuha Mashaan. Effect of Rubberized Bitumen Blending Methods on Permanent Deformation of SMA Rubberized Asphalt Mixtures. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016, 2016, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Herda Yati Katman, Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Suhana Koting, Nuha Mashaan. Effect of Rubberized Bitumen Blending Methods on Permanent Deformation of SMA Rubberized Asphalt Mixtures. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2016; 2016 ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Herda Yati Katman; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Suhana Koting; Nuha Mashaan. 2016. "Effect of Rubberized Bitumen Blending Methods on Permanent Deformation of SMA Rubberized Asphalt Mixtures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016, no. : 1-14.

Research article
Published: 18 February 2015 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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This paper presents the evaluation of permanent deformation of rubber-reinforced SMA asphalt mixtures by using dynamic creep test. The effect of trans-polyoctenamer as a cross-linking agent in permanent deformation of rubberized mixtures was also evaluated. Dynamic creep test was conducted at different stress levels (200 kPa, 400 kPa) and temperatures (40°C, 50°C). Permanent deformation parameters such as dynamic creep curve, ultimate strain, and creep strain slope (CSS) were used to analyse the results. Finally, the creep behaviour of the specimens was estimated by the Zhou three-stage creep model. The results show that crumb rubber and trans-polyoctenamer significantly affected the parameters especially at high stress and temperatures. Consistent findings were observed for all permanent deformation parameters. Moreover, based on Zhou model, it was concluded that resistance to permanent deformation was improved by application of crumb rubber and trans-polyoctenamer.

ACS Style

Herda Yati Katman; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Nuha Mashaan; Suhana Koting. Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of Unmodified and Rubber-Reinforced SMA Asphalt Mixtures Using Dynamic Creep Test. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015, 2015, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Herda Yati Katman, Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Nuha Mashaan, Suhana Koting. Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of Unmodified and Rubber-Reinforced SMA Asphalt Mixtures Using Dynamic Creep Test. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2015; 2015 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Herda Yati Katman; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Nuha Mashaan; Suhana Koting. 2015. "Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of Unmodified and Rubber-Reinforced SMA Asphalt Mixtures Using Dynamic Creep Test." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015, no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2014 in The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
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Semi-flexible pavement surfacing is a composite pavement that utilizes the porous pavement structure of the flexible bituminous pavement, which is grouted with an appropriate cementitious material. The main objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of cement-bitumen composites as an alternative semi-flexible pavement surfacing material. This involves the selection of acceptable proportions of cementitious grouts as well as the development of cement-bitumen composites. The findings showed that by replacing 5% of the cement with silica fume (with adequate amount of superplasticizer) there is improvement in compressive strength and tensile stiffness modulus. In addition, resistance to abrasion is improved.

ACS Style

Suhana Koting; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Hilmi Bin Mahmud; Norjidah Anjang Abdul Hamid. Mechanical properties of cement-bitumen composites for semi-flexible pavement surfacing. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 2014, 9, 191 -199.

AMA Style

Suhana Koting, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Hilmi Bin Mahmud, Norjidah Anjang Abdul Hamid. Mechanical properties of cement-bitumen composites for semi-flexible pavement surfacing. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering. 2014; 9 (3):191-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhana Koting; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Hilmi Bin Mahmud; Norjidah Anjang Abdul Hamid. 2014. "Mechanical properties of cement-bitumen composites for semi-flexible pavement surfacing." The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 9, no. 3: 191-199.

Research article
Published: 18 June 2014 in The Scientific World Journal
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Fatigue cracking is an essential problem of asphalt concrete that contributes to pavement damage. Although stone matrix asphalt (SMA) has significantly provided resistance to rutting failure, its resistance to fatigue failure is yet to be fully addressed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on stiffness and fatigue properties of SMA mixtures at optimum binder content, using four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% CRM by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the dynamic stiffness (indirect tensile test), dynamic creep (repeated load creep), and fatigue test (indirect tensile fatigue test) at temperature of 25°C. The indirect tensile fatigue test was conducted at three different stress levels (200, 300, and 400 kPa). Experimental results indicate that CRM-reinforced SMA mixtures exhibit significantly higher fatigue life compared to the mixtures without CRM. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the fatigue life and resilient modulus as compared to permanent strain; thus resilient modulus might be a more reliable indicator in evaluating the fatigue life of asphalt mixture.

ACS Style

Nuha Salim Mashaan; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Mahrez Abdel Aziz; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Herda Yati Katman; Suhana Koting. Evaluation of Fatigue Life of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Relationship to Dynamic Stiffness. The Scientific World Journal 2014, 2014, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Nuha Salim Mashaan, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Mahrez Abdel Aziz, Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim, Herda Yati Katman, Suhana Koting. Evaluation of Fatigue Life of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Relationship to Dynamic Stiffness. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014 (595):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuha Salim Mashaan; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Mahrez Abdel Aziz; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Herda Yati Katman; Suhana Koting. 2014. "Evaluation of Fatigue Life of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Relationship to Dynamic Stiffness." The Scientific World Journal 2014, no. 595: 1-11.

Research article
Published: 09 January 2014 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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Semiflexible pavement (SFP), a composite pavement, is formed by filling into a very open porous asphalt skeleton a specifically designed water consistency fluid mortar with a very high early and 28-day strength. The amalgamation of both components will produce a SFP where it will replace the conventional wearing course. The main goal of this investigation is to study the effect of various aggregate gradations towards producing SFP. These include determining the optimum binder, volumetric properties, and durability and strength of each aggregate gradation. The final results were statistically analyzed and two factor variance analyses (ANOVA) were performed to check on the significance at certain confidence limits. The results confirmed that different aggregate gradations significantly affect the properties mentioned.

ACS Style

Nadiah Md. Husain; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Hilmi B. Mahmud; Suhana Koting. Effects of Aggregate Gradation on the Physical Properties of Semiflexible Pavement. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014, 2014, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Nadiah Md. Husain, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Hilmi B. Mahmud, Suhana Koting. Effects of Aggregate Gradation on the Physical Properties of Semiflexible Pavement. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2014; 2014 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nadiah Md. Husain; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Hilmi B. Mahmud; Suhana Koting. 2014. "Effects of Aggregate Gradation on the Physical Properties of Semiflexible Pavement." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014, no. : 1-8.

Research article
Published: 02 January 2014 in The Scientific World Journal
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Semi-flexible pavement surfacing is a composite pavement that utilizes the porous pavement structure of the flexible bituminous pavement, which is subsequently grouted with appropriate cementitious materials. This study aims to investigate the compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability performance of cementitious grout. The grout mixtures are designed to achieve high strength and maintain flow properties in order to allow the cement slurries to infiltrate easily through unfilled compacted skeletons. A paired-sample t-test was carried out to find out whether water/cement ratio, SP percentages, and use of silica fume influence the cementitious grout performance. The findings showed that the replacement of 5% silica fume with an adequate amount of superplasticizer and water/cement ratio was beneficial in improving the properties of the cementitious grout.

ACS Style

Suhana Koting; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Hilmi Mahmud; Nuha S. Mashaan; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Herdayati Katman; Nadiah Md Husain. Effects of Using Silica Fume and Polycarboxylate-Type Superplasticizer on Physical Properties of Cementitious Grout Mixtures for Semiflexible Pavement Surfacing. The Scientific World Journal 2014, 2014, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Suhana Koting, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Hilmi Mahmud, Nuha S. Mashaan, Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim, Herdayati Katman, Nadiah Md Husain. Effects of Using Silica Fume and Polycarboxylate-Type Superplasticizer on Physical Properties of Cementitious Grout Mixtures for Semiflexible Pavement Surfacing. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014 ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhana Koting; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Hilmi Mahmud; Nuha S. Mashaan; Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Herdayati Katman; Nadiah Md Husain. 2014. "Effects of Using Silica Fume and Polycarboxylate-Type Superplasticizer on Physical Properties of Cementitious Grout Mixtures for Semiflexible Pavement Surfacing." The Scientific World Journal 2014, no. : 1-7.

Research article
Published: 02 January 2014 in The Scientific World Journal
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A growing concern for public transit is its inability to shift passenger’s mode from private to public transport. In order to overcome this problem, a more developed feeder bus network and matched schedules will play important roles. The present paper aims to review some of the studies performed on Feeder Bus Network Design and Scheduling Problem (FNDSP) based on three distinctive parts of the FNDSP setup, namely, problem description, problem characteristics, and solution approaches. The problems consist of different subproblems including data preparation, feeder bus network design, route generation, and feeder bus scheduling. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and classification of previous works are presented to highlight the main characteristics and solution methods. Finally, some of the issues and trends for future research are identified. This paper is targeted at dealing with the FNDSP to exhibit strategic and tactical goals and also contributes to the unification of the field which might be a useful complement to the few existing reviews.

ACS Style

Mohammad Hadi Almasi; Sina Mirzapour Mounes; Suhana Koting; Mohamed Rehan Karim. Analysis of Feeder Bus Network Design and Scheduling Problems. The Scientific World Journal 2014, 2014, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Mohammad Hadi Almasi, Sina Mirzapour Mounes, Suhana Koting, Mohamed Rehan Karim. Analysis of Feeder Bus Network Design and Scheduling Problems. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014 (2):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Hadi Almasi; Sina Mirzapour Mounes; Suhana Koting; Mohamed Rehan Karim. 2014. "Analysis of Feeder Bus Network Design and Scheduling Problems." The Scientific World Journal 2014, no. 2: 1-10.

Research article
Published: 24 October 2013 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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Today, virgin polymer modified asphalt mixes are comparatively more expensive for road pavement. One way to reduce the expense of such construction and to make it more convenient is the application of inexpensive polymer, such as waste polymer. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding waste tyre rubber (crumb rubber modifier (CRM)) on the stiffness and fatigue properties of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures. Various percentages of waste CRM with size of 0.60 mm were added to SMA mixtures. Indirect tensile stiffness modulus test was conducted at temperatures of 5, 25, and 40°C. Indirect tensile fatigue test was conducted at three different stress levels (2000, 2500, and 3000 N). The results show that the stiffness modulus of reinforced SMA samples containing various contents of CRM is significantly high in comparison with that of nonreinforced samples, and the stiffness modulus of reinforced samples is in fact less severely affected by the increased temperature compared to the nonreinforced samples. Further, the results show that CRM reinforced SMA mixtures exhibit significantly higher fatigue lives compared to the nonreinforced mixtures help in and promotion of sustainable technology by recycling of waste materials in much economical and environmental-friendly manner.

ACS Style

Nuha Salim Mashaan; Asim H. Ali; Suhana Koting; Mohamed Rehan Karim. Dynamic Properties and Fatigue Life of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with Waste Tyre Rubber. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013, 2013, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Nuha Salim Mashaan, Asim H. Ali, Suhana Koting, Mohamed Rehan Karim. Dynamic Properties and Fatigue Life of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with Waste Tyre Rubber. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2013; 2013 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuha Salim Mashaan; Asim H. Ali; Suhana Koting; Mohamed Rehan Karim. 2013. "Dynamic Properties and Fatigue Life of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with Waste Tyre Rubber." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013, no. : 1-9.

Review
Published: 24 October 2013 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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Crumb rubber modification has been proven to enhance the properties of pure bitumen. This paper looks at some of the international standards for producing crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) and reviews the effect of crumb rubber to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. The review shows that the rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, particle size, and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the modification technique. These factors govern the swelling process of crumb rubber particles that lead to the increase of viscosity of the modified bitumen. However, the mixing temperature and duration can cause rubber particles to depolymerize and subsequently cause loss of viscosity. Crumb rubber modification also improves the properties of bitumen by increasing the storage and loss modulus and enhancing the high and low temperature susceptibility. The effect of crumb rubber to aging properties of CRMB is also discussed. Finally several techniques of chemical modification to terminal blends of CRMB and the subsequent improvement to the settling property of CRMB are explained.

ACS Style

Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Herda Yati Katman; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Suhana Koting; Nuha Mashaan. A Review on the Effect of Crumb Rubber Addition to the Rheology of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013, 2013, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim, Herda Yati Katman, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Suhana Koting, Nuha Mashaan. A Review on the Effect of Crumb Rubber Addition to the Rheology of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2013; 2013 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim; Herda Yati Katman; Mohamed Rehan Karim; Suhana Koting; Nuha Mashaan. 2013. "A Review on the Effect of Crumb Rubber Addition to the Rheology of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013, no. : 1-8.