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BACKGROUND: The phytotoxin Ptr ToxB as well as Ptr ToxA is one of the pathogenic factors of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, that cause leaf chlorosis on susceptible wheat varieties, and is encoded by ToxB gene. P. tritici-repentis strains with ToxB gene are rather rare worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study was 37 strains isolated from the leaves of wheat grown in Greece. The virulence of the strains was analyzed and the presence of effector genes as well as the average copy number of ToxB was determined. RESULTS: The race composition of P. tritici-repentis population turned out to be mainly represented by the avirulent race 4 (50% of the strains). Strains of race 1 were not found, while strains of other races were found with a low frequency in the population. All analyzed P. tritici-repentis strains had ToxB gene in the genome, while its homologues and ToxA gene were not detected. The average copy number (R) of ToxB in three P. tritici-repentis strains varied from 0.24 to 1.22. The average copy number of ToxB in the mitotic generation of P. tritici-repentis Gr8 strain, which was characterized by the lowest value of R = 0.24, varied from 0.01 to 0.74 and, on average, turned out to be 2 times higher than in the original strain Gr8. CONCLUSION: Presumably, P. tritici-repentis has a mechanism that gives ToxB+ nuclei an advantage in the division rate over ToxB nuclei. This mechanism indicates the existence of an additional function of this gene that is not associated with pathogenicity.
Nina V. Mironenko; Aleksandra S. Orina; Nadezhda M. Kovalenko. Genetic polymorphism of ToxB+ Pyrenophora tritici-repentis strains. Ecological genetics 2021, 19, 121 -129.
AMA StyleNina V. Mironenko, Aleksandra S. Orina, Nadezhda M. Kovalenko. Genetic polymorphism of ToxB+ Pyrenophora tritici-repentis strains. Ecological genetics. 2021; 19 (2):121-129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNina V. Mironenko; Aleksandra S. Orina; Nadezhda M. Kovalenko. 2021. "Genetic polymorphism of ToxB+ Pyrenophora tritici-repentis strains." Ecological genetics 19, no. 2: 121-129.
Relevance. The scientific community and agricultural producers are looking for a solution to the problem of how to protect consumers from the effects of hazardous mycotoxins in agricultural products. One of the tools, which will be considered in this article, is a screening system that allows determining the quan-titative indicators of wheat grain infection by toxin-producing fungi in a short time. Methods. The method of quantitative PCR with the detection of fungal DNA and the method of enzyme immunoassay with the detection of Fusarium antigens were used to characterize the grain infection. Results. We established the lower critical limit of DNA content which is 3955·10-4 pg/ng and the lower critical limit of Fusarium antigens which is 596 U/g based on the analyzes of grain fungi contamination in model experiments. Grain should be subjected to mycotoxins analysis upon detection of these critical lim-its. All batches of grain can be used in production without additional analyzes if their values determined by analytical methods are below that critical points. The obtained values can be quantitative benchmarks corresponding to the standard visual analysis of grain contamination currently described in GOST 31646-2012
Yu. S. Lebedin; A. S. Orina; O. P. Gavrilova; T. Y. Gagkaeva; V. N. Maigurova; P. A. Petukhov. Application of analytical methods to identify critical limits of grain infection by Fusarium fungi. Agrarian science 2021, 344, 92-97 .
AMA StyleYu. S. Lebedin, A. S. Orina, O. P. Gavrilova, T. Y. Gagkaeva, V. N. Maigurova, P. A. Petukhov. Application of analytical methods to identify critical limits of grain infection by Fusarium fungi. Agrarian science. 2021; 344 (1):92-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu. S. Lebedin; A. S. Orina; O. P. Gavrilova; T. Y. Gagkaeva; V. N. Maigurova; P. A. Petukhov. 2021. "Application of analytical methods to identify critical limits of grain infection by Fusarium fungi." Agrarian science 344, no. 1: 92-97.
Background. The requirement for high-quality oat grain for food production leads to the need for studying the resistance of this cereal crop to harmful diseases and for the development of new productive cultivars.Materials and methods. A comparative characterization was performed among the breeding lines of naked oats from Nemchinovka Federal Research Center according to the parameters of microbiological purity of grain. The mycological method was applied for the analysis of infection in the oat grain, and fungal species composition was identified. The DNA amount of toxin-producing species from genus Fusarium Link in the grain was detected using the real-time PCR, and the amount of mycotoxins was measured by the enzyme immunoassay.Results. The fungi of Alternaria Nees, Fusarium, Cladosporium Link, Cochliobolus Drechsler, Epicoccum Link were associated with oat grain. Uniquely high infection of the grain by F. langsethiae Torp & Nirenberg (14%) was found under the natural conditions of the Central Region of Russia. The differences revealed among the analyzed breeding lines and cultivars in the DNA amount of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides Sherb. were from 1.3×10-4 to 7.2×10-3 pg/ng in the total DNA, and from 5 to 1230 μg/kg in the content of T-2/ HT-2 toxins.Conclusion. All naked oat breeding lines were relatively resistant to Fusarium infection and proved the best as regards the mycotoxin contamination of the grain against the reference hulled cultivar ‘Yakov’. In the competitive variety trials, three lines – 66h2618, 54h2476 and 70h2613 – were characterized as relatively resistant to Fusarium disease, compared with the naked oat reference ‘Vyatsky golozerny’.
O. P. Gavrilova; T. Yu. Gagkaeva; A. S. Orina; A. S. Markova; A. D. Kabashov; I. G. Loskutov. Mycobiota in Mycobiota in the grain of the oat breeding lines produced in 2019 in competitive variety trials on the fields of Nemchinovka Federal Research Center, Moscow Provincepetitive variety trials on the fields of Nemchinovka Federal Research Center, Moscow Province. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 2020, 181, 134-144 .
AMA StyleO. P. Gavrilova, T. Yu. Gagkaeva, A. S. Orina, A. S. Markova, A. D. Kabashov, I. G. Loskutov. Mycobiota in Mycobiota in the grain of the oat breeding lines produced in 2019 in competitive variety trials on the fields of Nemchinovka Federal Research Center, Moscow Provincepetitive variety trials on the fields of Nemchinovka Federal Research Center, Moscow Province. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2020; 181 (2):134-144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO. P. Gavrilova; T. Yu. Gagkaeva; A. S. Orina; A. S. Markova; A. D. Kabashov; I. G. Loskutov. 2020. "Mycobiota in Mycobiota in the grain of the oat breeding lines produced in 2019 in competitive variety trials on the fields of Nemchinovka Federal Research Center, Moscow Provincepetitive variety trials on the fields of Nemchinovka Federal Research Center, Moscow Province." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 2: 134-144.
This study aimed to assess the contamination of Fabaceae plants with fungi and mycotoxins, which have a negative effect on the health of consumers of plant products. Quantitative PCR was used to analyse the DNA of Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium fungi in 69 plant samples harvested from four Russian regions in 2015. Additionally, mycotoxins were analysed using ELISA. Cladosporium fungi DNA was found in all the analysed samples; the occurrence of Alternaria and Fusarium DNA was 84% and 51%, respectively. Mycotoxin alternariol was detected in 100% and emodin in 90% of the samples. The occurrence of deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2/HT-2 mycotoxins was 32%, 42% and 41%, respectively. Plant species had no significant effect on the Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium DNA content of the samples; however, the alternariol, emodin, deoxynivalenol and diacetoxyscirpenol contents differed significantly between plant species. The geographical origin had a statistically significant effect on the Alternaria and Fusarium DNA contents, likely due to differences in weather conditions.
Aleksandra Orina; Olga P. Gavrilova; Tatiana Gagkaeva; Aleksey Burkin; Galina Kononenko. The contamination of Fabaceae plants with fungi and mycotoxins. Agricultural and Food Science 2020, 29, 265–275 -265–275.
AMA StyleAleksandra Orina, Olga P. Gavrilova, Tatiana Gagkaeva, Aleksey Burkin, Galina Kononenko. The contamination of Fabaceae plants with fungi and mycotoxins. Agricultural and Food Science. 2020; 29 (3):265–275-265–275.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Orina; Olga P. Gavrilova; Tatiana Gagkaeva; Aleksey Burkin; Galina Kononenko. 2020. "The contamination of Fabaceae plants with fungi and mycotoxins." Agricultural and Food Science 29, no. 3: 265–275-265–275.
The biological characterization of Microdochium majus, M. nivale, and M. seminicola strains with wide geographical origins showed the diversity of their pathogenic properties and metabolite compounds, allowing them to exist in their habitats. Significant differences in the ability of Microdochium fungi to cause lesions on wheat and oat leaves were found. The intensity of symptoms depended on the species and substrate origin of the strains. On average M. seminicola strains were able to cause less leaf necrosis than M. majus and M nivale. The volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of Microdochium fungi included 29 putative fungal metabolites. The spectrum of the identified VOCs in M. seminicola strains was much richer than that in M. majus and M. nivale strains. In addition, the strains of M. seminicola emitted at least six sesquiterpenes. Mycotoxin analysis by HPLC‐MS/MS revealed that the analysed Microdochium strains did not produce any toxic metabolites typically produced by filamentous fungi.
Olga P. Gavrilova; Aleksandra S. Orina; Elizaveta D. Kessenikh; Lyudmila K. Gustyleva; Elena I. Savelieva; Nadezhda N. Gogina; Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva. Diversity of Physiological and Biochemical Characters of Microdochium Fungi. Chemistry & Biodiversity 2020, 17, 1 .
AMA StyleOlga P. Gavrilova, Aleksandra S. Orina, Elizaveta D. Kessenikh, Lyudmila K. Gustyleva, Elena I. Savelieva, Nadezhda N. Gogina, Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva. Diversity of Physiological and Biochemical Characters of Microdochium Fungi. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 2020; 17 (8):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlga P. Gavrilova; Aleksandra S. Orina; Elizaveta D. Kessenikh; Lyudmila K. Gustyleva; Elena I. Savelieva; Nadezhda N. Gogina; Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva. 2020. "Diversity of Physiological and Biochemical Characters of Microdochium Fungi." Chemistry & Biodiversity 17, no. 8: 1.
Four different fungicides that recommended to control seed-borne pathogens, were tested in this study. Three fungicides contain singly pyraclostrobin (200 g/L), thiram (400 g/L), fludioxonil (25 g/L), and one fungicide contains together imazalil, metalaxyl, and tebuconazole (50, 40, and 30 g/L, respectively). Comparative assessment of the fungicides at four concentrations of active substance (10, 100, 1 000, and 10 000 ppb) on the growth of ten strains of Fusarium spp. was studied in vitro tests. To visualize the effect of fungicides on fungal growth the strains were cultivated in 50 mL liquid Czapek medium containing fungicides in the range of concentrations. The fungicide based on pyraclostrobin was the most effective in growth inhibition of Fusarium fungi. Broadly, the using of this fungicide is confident way to control Fusarium species, which are serious threat to crop production. The sensitivity of F. acuminatum, F. graminearum, F. semitectum, F. culmorum, F. sporotrichioides, F. equiseti strains to fungicides was higher in compare with the strains belonging to F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, and F. proliferatum.
Aleksandra Orina; Olga Gavrilova; Tatiana Gagkaeva. The effect of fungicides on growth of Fusarium fungi in vitro. BIO Web of Conferences 2020, 18, 00022 .
AMA StyleAleksandra Orina, Olga Gavrilova, Tatiana Gagkaeva. The effect of fungicides on growth of Fusarium fungi in vitro. BIO Web of Conferences. 2020; 18 ():00022.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Orina; Olga Gavrilova; Tatiana Gagkaeva. 2020. "The effect of fungicides on growth of Fusarium fungi in vitro." BIO Web of Conferences 18, no. : 00022.
In total, 46 Microdochium strains from five different geographic regions of Russia were explored with respect to genetic diversity, morphology, and secondary metabolites. Based on the results of PCR, 59% and 28% of the strains were identified as M. nivale and M. majus, respectively. As a result of sequencing four genome regions, namely ITS, LSU, BTUB, and RPB2 (2778 bp), five genetically and phenotypically similar strains from Western Siberia were identified as M. seminicola, which, according to our findings, is the prevalent Microdochium species in this territory. This is the first record of M. seminicola in Russia. Attempts were made to distinguish between Microdochium species and to identify species-specific morphological characteristics in the anamorph and teleomorph stages and physiological properties. We examined the occurrence frequency of conidia with different numbers of septa in the strains of Microdochium. The predominance of three-septate macroconidia in M. majus was higher than that in M. nivale and typically exceeded 60% occurrence. Most M. majus and M. nivale strains formed walled protoperithecia on wheat stems. Only three strains of M. majus and one strain each of M. nivale and M. seminicola produced mature perithecia. The growth rate of M. seminicola strains was significantly lower on agar media at 5–25 °C than those of M. majus and M. nivale strains. Multimycotoxin analysis by HPLC-MS/MS revealed that the strains of three Microdochium species did not produce any toxic metabolites.
Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva; Aleksandra S. Orina; Olga P. Gavrilova; Nadezhda N. Gogina. Evidence of Microdochium Fungi Associated with Cereal Grains in Russia. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 340 .
AMA StyleTatiana Yu. Gagkaeva, Aleksandra S. Orina, Olga P. Gavrilova, Nadezhda N. Gogina. Evidence of Microdochium Fungi Associated with Cereal Grains in Russia. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (3):340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatiana Yu. Gagkaeva; Aleksandra S. Orina; Olga P. Gavrilova; Nadezhda N. Gogina. 2020. "Evidence of Microdochium Fungi Associated with Cereal Grains in Russia." Microorganisms 8, no. 3: 340.
This study shows that the necrotrophic effector gene ToxA is differentially expressed in isolates of P. tritici-repentis fungus at different time periods after inoculation of the wheat variety Glenlea which has the gene Tsn1 controlling sensitivity to the necrosis inducing toxin Ptr ToxA. Two P. tritici-repentis isolates with different ability to cause necrosis on the leaves of Glenlea variety (nec + and nec-) and with different expression level of ToxA and gene of factor transcription PtrPf2 in vitro were used for analysis. Isolates of P. tritici-repentis are characterized by the differential expression of ToxA in planta. The expression of the ToxA gene in P. tritici-repentis ToxA+ isolates significantly increased when infected the wheat leaves compared to ToxA expression results obtained in vitro. The levels of ToxA expression in both isolates differed significantly after 24, 48 and 96 hours after inoculation, however, the dynamics of the trait change over time were similar. However, the highest ToxA expression in the virulent (nec+) isolate in contrast with the avirulent (nec-) isolate was observed at a point of 48 hours. Whereas the expression of regulating transcription factor PtrPf2 in planta differed imperceptibly from expression in vitro throughout the observation period. Obviously, the role of the fungal transcription factor in regulating the effector gene expression weakens in planta, and other mechanisms regulating the expression of pathogen genes at the biotrophic stage of the disease develop.
Nina V. Mironenko; Alexandra S. Orina; Nadezhda M. Kovalenko. Expression of the ToxA and PtrPf2 genes of the phytopathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis at the beginning of the infection process. Ecological genetics 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleNina V. Mironenko, Alexandra S. Orina, Nadezhda M. Kovalenko. Expression of the ToxA and PtrPf2 genes of the phytopathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis at the beginning of the infection process. Ecological genetics. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNina V. Mironenko; Alexandra S. Orina; Nadezhda M. Kovalenko. 2019. "Expression of the ToxA and PtrPf2 genes of the phytopathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis at the beginning of the infection process." Ecological genetics , no. : 1.
Wheat grains collected in three regions of Russia—Volga, Ural, and West Siberia—were analyzed for triangulation of methods in analysis of toxigenic Fusarium species. The presence of fungi and quantitative content of their biomass were detected by using various analytical methods, including a mycological and immunochemical methods, and quantitative PCR. Additionally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry were applied for determination of mycotoxins. Regional differences were found regarding the contamination of wheat grain by Fusarium fungi and their toxins. The most important observation was the detection of F. graminearum in the Ural and West Siberian regions, where this pathogen had not been found previously. A maximum damaged grains by F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides was found in the grain samples from West Siberia. The DNA of F. graminearum was detected in 19.2% and DNA of F. sporotrichioides was found in 84.1% of the analyzed grain samples. The amount of Fusarium antigens in the grain samples from the West Siberian region was 7–8 times higher than in the grain samples from the other two regions. Significant contamination of the grain with deoxynivalenol and T-2/HT-2 toxins (maximum contents were 2239 ppb and 199 ppb, respectively) was detected in the West Siberian region.
Tatiana Gagkaeva; Olga Gavrilova; Aleksandra Orina; Yuri Lebedin; Ilya Shanin; Pavel Petukhov; Sergei Eremin. Analysis of Toxigenic Fusarium Species Associated with Wheat Grain from Three Regions of Russia: Volga, Ural, and West Siberia. Toxins 2019, 11, 252 .
AMA StyleTatiana Gagkaeva, Olga Gavrilova, Aleksandra Orina, Yuri Lebedin, Ilya Shanin, Pavel Petukhov, Sergei Eremin. Analysis of Toxigenic Fusarium Species Associated with Wheat Grain from Three Regions of Russia: Volga, Ural, and West Siberia. Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatiana Gagkaeva; Olga Gavrilova; Aleksandra Orina; Yuri Lebedin; Ilya Shanin; Pavel Petukhov; Sergei Eremin. 2019. "Analysis of Toxigenic Fusarium Species Associated with Wheat Grain from Three Regions of Russia: Volga, Ural, and West Siberia." Toxins 11, no. 5: 252.
In this study, naturally and artificially inoculated winter wheat varieties were studied with respect to their productivity and resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). We used the following set of disease assessment parameters: the percentage of visually and latent Fusarium-damaged grains (FDG); the DNA content of Fusarium fungi; the productivity of inoculated plants compared with non-inoculated plants; and the amount of mycotoxins in the grain. In case of naturally infected grains, the average FDG was found to be about 6.1 % (range of 0–15 %). The amount of DNA of Fusarium graminearum was found to be in the range of (1.1–42.7) × 10–5 ng/ng wheat DNA. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected in 15 samples of grain from plants that were grown under natural infection. The maximum DON amount was found to be 420 μg/kg. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was not be detected in naturally infected grain. In case of artificially inoculated plants, the average FDG was found to be 25.8 % (2–54 %). The amount of F. graminearum DNA was found to be significantly higher (4.24– 49.8) × 10–3 ng/ng than it was detected in grain of non-inoculated plants. The wheat varieties inoculated with F. graminearum contained DON in high amounts from 20255 to 79245 μg/kg. Furthermore, a significant amount of FB1 was detected in all wheat varieties in the range of 980–20326 μg/kg. Among the analysed wheat varieties, Adel was characterized to be the most resistant to fungal infection as well as to the contamination by mycotoxins. Antonina, Lebed and Pamyat varieties were classified more relatively resistant than that of other varieties, and Utrish variety was found to be the most susceptible to FHB. The similar resistance of wheat varieties against F. graminearum and F. verticillioides infection was recorded, and the interactions between the fungi during the colonization of grain were shown.
T. Yu. Gagkaeva; A. S. Orina; O. P. Gavrilova; I. B. Ablova; L. A. Bespalova. Characterization of resistance of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium head blight. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 2018, 22, 685 -692.
AMA StyleT. Yu. Gagkaeva, A. S. Orina, O. P. Gavrilova, I. B. Ablova, L. A. Bespalova. Characterization of resistance of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium head blight. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2018; 22 (6):685-692.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Yu. Gagkaeva; A. S. Orina; O. P. Gavrilova; I. B. Ablova; L. A. Bespalova. 2018. "Characterization of resistance of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium head blight." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 6: 685-692.
Aleksandra S. Orina; Olga P. Gavrilova; Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva. Adaptation of the quantitative PCR method for the detection of the main representatives of cereal grain mycobiota. Microbiology Independent Research Journal 2018, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleAleksandra S. Orina, Olga P. Gavrilova, Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva. Adaptation of the quantitative PCR method for the detection of the main representatives of cereal grain mycobiota. Microbiology Independent Research Journal. 2018; 5 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra S. Orina; Olga P. Gavrilova; Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva. 2018. "Adaptation of the quantitative PCR method for the detection of the main representatives of cereal grain mycobiota." Microbiology Independent Research Journal 5, no. 1: 1.
А. С. Орина; О. П. Гаврилова; Т. Ю. Гагкаева; Санкт-Петербург Фгбну «Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Защиты Растений». Адаптация метода количественной ПЦР для выявления представителей микобиоты зерновых культур. Microbiology Independent Research Journal 2018, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleА. С. Орина, О. П. Гаврилова, Т. Ю. Гагкаева, Санкт-Петербург Фгбну «Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Защиты Растений». Адаптация метода количественной ПЦР для выявления представителей микобиоты зерновых культур. Microbiology Independent Research Journal. 2018; 5 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleА. С. Орина; О. П. Гаврилова; Т. Ю. Гагкаева; Санкт-Петербург Фгбну «Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Защиты Растений». 2018. "Адаптация метода количественной ПЦР для выявления представителей микобиоты зерновых культур." Microbiology Independent Research Journal 5, no. 1: 1.
A.S. Orina; O.P. Gavrilova; T.Yu. Gagkaeva. Analysis of contamination of annual and perennial Leguminosae grasses with fungi using quantitative PCR. PLANT PROTECTION NEWS 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleA.S. Orina, O.P. Gavrilova, T.Yu. Gagkaeva. Analysis of contamination of annual and perennial Leguminosae grasses with fungi using quantitative PCR. PLANT PROTECTION NEWS. 2018; (2(96)):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.S. Orina; O.P. Gavrilova; T.Yu. Gagkaeva. 2018. "Analysis of contamination of annual and perennial Leguminosae grasses with fungi using quantitative PCR." PLANT PROTECTION NEWS , no. 2(96): 1.
E.L. Gasich; All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection; N.P. Shipilova; A.S. Orina; Z.Z. Kun; Institute of Plant Protection of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province. On mycobiota of fruit, vegetable, ornamental crops and weeds in China (results of 2017 expedition). PLANT PROTECTION NEWS 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleE.L. Gasich, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, N.P. Shipilova, A.S. Orina, Z.Z. Kun, Institute of Plant Protection of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province. On mycobiota of fruit, vegetable, ornamental crops and weeds in China (results of 2017 expedition). PLANT PROTECTION NEWS. 2018; (1(95)):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE.L. Gasich; All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection; N.P. Shipilova; A.S. Orina; Z.Z. Kun; Institute of Plant Protection of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province. 2018. "On mycobiota of fruit, vegetable, ornamental crops and weeds in China (results of 2017 expedition)." PLANT PROTECTION NEWS , no. 1(95): 1.
Analysis of 49 strains of Fusarium langsethiae originating from northern Europe (Russia, Finland, Sweden, UK, Norway, and Latvia) revealed the presence of spontaneous auxotrophic mutants that reflect natural intraspecific diversity. Our investigations detected that 49.0% of F. langsethiae strains were auxotrophic mutants for biotin, and 8.2% of the strains required thiamine as a growth factor. They failed to grow on vitamin-free media. For both prototrophic and auxotrophic strains, no growth defect was observed in rich organic media. Without essential vitamins, a significant reduction in the growth of the auxotrophic strains results in a decrease of the formation of T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. In addition, all analysed F. langsethiae strains were distinguished into two subgroups based on PCR product sizes. According to our results, 26 and 23 strains of F. langsethiae belong to subgroups I and II respectively. We determined that the deletion in the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the rDNA of F. langsethiae belonging to subgroup II is linked with temperature sensitivity and causes a decrease in strain growth at 30 °C. Four thiamine auxotrophic strains were found in subgroup I, while 21 biotin auxotrophic strains were detected in subgroups II. To the best of our knowledge, the spontaneous mutations in F. langsethiae observed in the present work have not been previously reported.
Olga Gavrilova; Anna Skritnika; Tatiana Gagkaeva. Identification and Characterization of Spontaneous Auxotrophic Mutants in Fusarium langsethiae. Microorganisms 2017, 5, 14 .
AMA StyleOlga Gavrilova, Anna Skritnika, Tatiana Gagkaeva. Identification and Characterization of Spontaneous Auxotrophic Mutants in Fusarium langsethiae. Microorganisms. 2017; 5 (2):14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlga Gavrilova; Anna Skritnika; Tatiana Gagkaeva. 2017. "Identification and Characterization of Spontaneous Auxotrophic Mutants in Fusarium langsethiae." Microorganisms 5, no. 2: 14.
Sixty six genotypes belong to wild and cultivated Avena species from the VIR collection were evaluated for infection of grain by Fusarium fungi and mycotoxins in accumulation. Among genotypes 13.6, 28.8, and 57.6% were diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid oats, respectively. The aim of this study was to recognize the interrelationship between the wild species of the genus Avena not subjected to formal breeding programs, and Fusarium fungi, which have been reported as predominant seed borne pathogens. The real-time PCR was used to simultaneously detect and quantify fungi in grain of Avena genotypes. Mycotoxin analysis was performed by ELISA. The average amount of Fusarium DNA and deoxynivalenol (DON) in groups of the tetraploid oats were higher than they were found in the groups of di- and hexaploid species. It was determining the strong correlation between the presence of Tri-Fusarium DNA and DON content (p Keywords Fusarium, Avena species, ploidy, fungal DNA, Fusarium, mycotoxins, real-time PCR, ELISA.
Taiana Yu Gagkaeva; Olga P Gavrilova; Alexandra A Orina; Elena V Blinova; Igor G Loskutov. Diversity of the species of genus Avena revealed by morphological characters and resistance to Fusarium infection of grain. Ecological genetics 2017, 15, 20 .
AMA StyleTaiana Yu Gagkaeva, Olga P Gavrilova, Alexandra A Orina, Elena V Blinova, Igor G Loskutov. Diversity of the species of genus Avena revealed by morphological characters and resistance to Fusarium infection of grain. Ecological genetics. 2017; 15 (1):20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaiana Yu Gagkaeva; Olga P Gavrilova; Alexandra A Orina; Elena V Blinova; Igor G Loskutov. 2017. "Diversity of the species of genus Avena revealed by morphological characters and resistance to Fusarium infection of grain." Ecological genetics 15, no. 1: 20.