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Mushroom cultivation generates a large amount of CO2 that can be used sustainably. The objective of this study was to use actual cultivation and simulation to find a sustainable cultivation method that uses the CO2 generated by king oyster mushrooms for the production of romaine lettuces. A closed cultivation system consisting of one mushroom chamber, three lettuce chambers, and one gas-mixing chamber was used. Two cultivation conditions, non-continuous and continuous, were analyzed. The non-continuous system cultivated 15 lettuces and 12 mushroom bottles at a time every 25 and 16 days, respectively. The continuous system cultivated three lettuces and mushroom bottles every five and four days, respectively, so that each chamber contained mushrooms or lettuces at each growth stage. The CO2 concentrations in the lettuce and mushroom chambers were stably maintained above 1000 μmol∙mol−1 and below 2000 μmol∙mol−1 in the continuous system. Mathematical models were developed to analyze the CO2 concentration in each chamber. The shoot dry weight of lettuces grown in the mixed cultivation were 48.0%, 21.9%, 19.7%, and 18.1% at 10, 15, 20, and 25 days after transplanting, respectively, higher than those in the lettuce-only cultivation. Compared to mushroom-only cultivation, mixed cultivation reduced the accumulated CO2 emissions into the air by 80.6%. Thus, using CO2 from mushrooms to cultivate lettuce in a continuous cultivation system could reduce CO2 emissions into the air and enable mixed cultivation of mushrooms and lettuces, achieving sustainable agriculture.
Dae-Ho Jung; Jung-Eek Son. CO2 Utilization Strategy for Sustainable Cultivation of Mushrooms and Lettuces. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5434 .
AMA StyleDae-Ho Jung, Jung-Eek Son. CO2 Utilization Strategy for Sustainable Cultivation of Mushrooms and Lettuces. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5434.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDae-Ho Jung; Jung-Eek Son. 2021. "CO2 Utilization Strategy for Sustainable Cultivation of Mushrooms and Lettuces." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5434.
Photosynthesis is an important physiological response for determination of CO2 fertilization in greenhouses and estimation of crop growth. In order to estimate the whole plant photosynthetic rate, it is necessary to investigate how light interception by crops changes with environmental and morphological factors. The objectives of this study were to analyze plant light interception using a three-dimensional (3D) plant model and ray-tracing, determine the spatial distribution of the photosynthetic rate, and estimate the whole plant photosynthetic rate of Irwin mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Irwin) grown in greenhouses. In the case of mangoes, it is difficult to measure actual light interception at the canopy level due to their vase shape. A two-year-old Irwin mango tree was used to measure the whole plant photosynthetic rate. Light interception and whole plant photosynthetic rate were measured under artificial and natural light conditions using a closed chamber (1 × 1 × 2 m). A 3D plant model was constructed and ray-tracing simulation was conducted for calculating the photosynthetic rate with a two-variable leaf photosynthetic rate model of the plant. Under artificial light, the estimated photosynthetic rate increased from 2.0 to 2.9 μmolCO2·m−2·s−1 with increasing CO2 concentration. On the other hand, under natural light, the photosynthetic rate increased from 0.2 μmolCO2·m−2·s−1 at 06:00 to a maximum of 7.3 μmolCO2·m−2·s−1 at 09:00, then gradually decreased to −1.0 μmolCO2·m−2·s−1 at 18:00. In validation, simulation results showed good agreement with measured results with R2 = 0.79 and RMSE = 0.263. The results suggest that this method could accurately estimate the whole plant photosynthetic rate and be useful for pruning and adequate CO2 fertilization.
Dae Ho Jung; Joon Woo Lee; Woo Hyun Kang; In Ha Hwang; Jung Eek Son. Estimation of Whole Plant Photosynthetic Rate of Irwin Mango under Artificial and Natural Lights Using a Three-Dimensional Plant Model and Ray-Tracing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 19, 152 .
AMA StyleDae Ho Jung, Joon Woo Lee, Woo Hyun Kang, In Ha Hwang, Jung Eek Son. Estimation of Whole Plant Photosynthetic Rate of Irwin Mango under Artificial and Natural Lights Using a Three-Dimensional Plant Model and Ray-Tracing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19 (1):152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDae Ho Jung; Joon Woo Lee; Woo Hyun Kang; In Ha Hwang; Jung Eek Son. 2018. "Estimation of Whole Plant Photosynthetic Rate of Irwin Mango under Artificial and Natural Lights Using a Three-Dimensional Plant Model and Ray-Tracing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 1: 152.