Digital territories focus on community transformation through sustainable development, saving resources in local governments, bridging the digital gap, and using technology to build smart infrastructure. This article presents the design and implementation of a smart system, called the Waste Treatment System (WTS), for controlling parameters of waste decomposition in the trash bins installed in Riobamba city (Ecuador). The prototype allows monitoring in real time both the amount of waste and the level of rottenness of garbage by means of the measurement of different parameters that indicate the characteristics of the leachates generated inside. The motivation of this work was to yield an efficient solution to urban waste treatment that optimizes resources in the collection process by providing real-time information to improve collection frequency vehicles and also reduce emissions by the decomposition of organic waste. The tests allowed assessing technical aspects such as the maximum coverage of wireless communication, the transmission channel capacity for each prototype, the data-processing requirements, and other more particular parameters such as the production of leachates due to the frequency of collection and the environmental conditions, which will be useful in future work on environmental impact.

The park-and-ride (P&R) system is crucial for urban development and mobility as its strategic location helps to reduce congestion, reduce pollution, and encourage the use of public transport. Various methods have been proposed to determine its optimal location, ranging from algorithms and mathematical equations to multi-criteria approaches that consider a set of criteria and sub-criteria. Multi-criteria methods are diverse, and it is essential to know which methods have been applied to the optimal location of a P&R system. This study addresses the existing gaps in multi-criteria methods used in the localization of a P&R system through a systematic review based on the PRISMA protocol, examining 25 articles published between 2014 and 2024 in Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS). The results highlight that the multi-criteria AHP method is the most relevant and widely used. The criterion of accessibility to public transport is the most important criterion for setting up a P&R system in an urban environment. The flexibility of the multi-criteria AHP method, combined with other factors, makes it relevant in the process of P&R locations. However, the multi-criteria methods found in this research show that a wide range of multi-criteria methods have not yet been applied. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive systems that combine multiple multi-criteria methods, which is essential to optimize mobility solutions adapted to the specific characteristics and objectives of each city in establishing a P&R system.

Landslides are widespread and global geological disasters, affecting millions of people and causing numerous deaths each year. Despite technological advances, it is still difficult to accurately prevent landslides. Due to its geography and climatic conditions, Ecuador has been significantly affected by landslides, and the city of Penipe remains one of the most affected. For this reason, a low-cost SDRadar system was designed to detect translational landslide risk levels by measuring the electrical permittivity of Andepts subtype soils. Controlled laboratory tests were performed with soil samples to relate permittivity values to landslide risk levels, and subsequently field tests were carried out in Penipe to determine the efficiency of the methodology. The results showed that moderate humidity is important for soil compaction, regardless of the degree of sloping. However, with permittivity values lower than 1.5 or higher than 20, the risk of landslides is very high on slopes greater than 45°. These results were compared with records of the serious landslides that occurred in June 2024 in Ecuador, in which rainfall intensity values similar to those obtained in this study were recorded, suggesting that this system can prevent future disasters.

The demand for remote access has experienced exponential growth., making it difficult for users to maintain different accounts for each service they use. In the traditional client-server authentication model, clients enter their credentials, usually usernames and passwords, to request a restricted access resource from servers. However, there are some drawbacks with these processes: decreased confidentiality, user sensitivity to phishing, full access to resources and limited reliability. The purpose of this paper was to assess the security level of access control over resources on cloud-based platforms by implementing two real scenarios, one with a traditional authentication system and the other implementing an access authorization system using the OAuth2 framework. To reach this goal, an infrastructure has been created, using virtualization approaches, which sends requests to the server that owns the resources and this in turn communicates through APIs to a database server in AWS. The OWASP project was used to analyze the vulnerabilities in these scenarios, studying the exposure of confidential information, level of access to resources, alert control, as well as system response time parameters to measure their efficiencies. The results showed that the implementation of OAuth2, as the basis for authorization systems, improves security in the exchange of client-server messages through the implementation of tokens, reduces the exposure of confidential information, facilitates access to resources on different platforms and even makes it easy to assign roles and levels of access to resources.

The study examines how Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) address environmental social responsibility highlighting the importance of training professionals committed to society and sustainable development. The research underlines the importance of HEIs assuming an active role in the formation of individuals aware of their environment and committed to socio-environmental responsibility by considering responsible teaching and learning practices, resulting from a systematic review based on the PRISMA 2020 methodology, with the search of articles published in the Scopus database, obtaining an initial result of 785 scientific documents, to later carry out a process of exclusion of articles, resulting in the final phase a total of 66 documents for analysis, finally three analyses of co-authorship, co-occurrence and co-citation with the authors' database were carried out