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This paper presents the field measured data of the ambient temperature profile and the heat stress occurrences directly underneath ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays (monocrystalline-based), focusing on different temperature levels. A previous study has shown that a 1 °C increase in PV cell temperature results in a reduction of 0.5% in energy conversion efficiency; thus, the temperature factor is critical, especially to solar farm operators. The transpiration process also plays an important role in the cooling of green plants where, on average, it could dissipate a significant amount of the total solar energy absorbed by the leaves, making it a good natural cooling mechanism. It was found from this work that the PV system’s bottom surface temperature was the main source of dissipated heat, as shown in the thermal images recorded at 5-min intervals at three sampling times. A statistical analysis further showed that the thermal correlation for the transpiration process and heat stress occurrences between the PV system’s bottom surface and plant height will be an important factor for large scale plant cultivation in agrivoltaic farms.
Noor Fadzlinda Othman; Mohammad Effendy Yaacob; Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su; Juju Nakasha Jaafar; Hashim Hizam; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Ahmad Hakiim Jamaluddin; Guangnan Chen; Adam Jalaludin. Modeling of Stochastic Temperature and Heat Stress Directly Underneath Agrivoltaic Conditions with Orthosiphon Stamineus Crop Cultivation. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1472 .
AMA StyleNoor Fadzlinda Othman, Mohammad Effendy Yaacob, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su, Juju Nakasha Jaafar, Hashim Hizam, Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Ahmad Hakiim Jamaluddin, Guangnan Chen, Adam Jalaludin. Modeling of Stochastic Temperature and Heat Stress Directly Underneath Agrivoltaic Conditions with Orthosiphon Stamineus Crop Cultivation. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (10):1472.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoor Fadzlinda Othman; Mohammad Effendy Yaacob; Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su; Juju Nakasha Jaafar; Hashim Hizam; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Ahmad Hakiim Jamaluddin; Guangnan Chen; Adam Jalaludin. 2020. "Modeling of Stochastic Temperature and Heat Stress Directly Underneath Agrivoltaic Conditions with Orthosiphon Stamineus Crop Cultivation." Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1472.
As a Malay Agricultural Settlement established in 1900, Kampung Baru which is located in Kuala Lumpur, has become a subject of prolonged national interests in terms of economic, social, environment, and political issues along with the pressure of modern and future development. This study investigated the urban morphological impact of Kampung Baru on the intensity of urban heat island (UHI) by developing a smart geodatabase for urban climatic mapping. The database provided baseline data which was crucial to unveil the spatiotemporal characteristics of UHI in Kampung Baru. Determination of the urban heat island intensity (UHII) in Kampung Baru was carried out through two approaches, mobile and fixed measurements. In a period of six days, the mobile measurement was conducted within the target area at night using a motorcycle equipped with the temperature and relative humidity data logger while the fixed measurement was conducted using the similar equipment installed at a school building in the area. Building height data were also collected while building footprints were digitized using a topographical map and the satellite image was used as the base map. To estimate the UHII, the reference data for rural temperature was obtained from the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD). All of the data were analyzed using ArcGIS to portray the temperature pattern in the study area. The analysis revealed the presence of UHI effect in Kampung Baru at the average building height of six to ten metres. The results of the fixed measurement showed an island-like local maximum in the study area with the average and maximum UHII values of 4.4 °C and 6.0 °C, respectively. The results from the mobile measurement also showed that the highest temperature was recorded in Kampung Baru rather than in the surrounding areas of different land-use types throughout the observation days. The spatial temperature distribution in the study area also showed that the most affected part was the south-west of Kampung Baru which is surrounded by tall buildings. The findings of this study could be utilized in the planning of new development in the city of Kuala Lumpur.
Sheikh Zaki; Nor Azid; Mohd Shahidan; Mohamad Hassan; Mohd Md Daud; Nor Abu Bakar; Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim; Fitri Yakub. Analysis of Urban Morphological Effect on the Microclimate of the Urban Residential Area of Kampung Baru in Kuala Lumpur Using a Geospatial Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7301 .
AMA StyleSheikh Zaki, Nor Azid, Mohd Shahidan, Mohamad Hassan, Mohd Md Daud, Nor Abu Bakar, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim, Fitri Yakub. Analysis of Urban Morphological Effect on the Microclimate of the Urban Residential Area of Kampung Baru in Kuala Lumpur Using a Geospatial Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheikh Zaki; Nor Azid; Mohd Shahidan; Mohamad Hassan; Mohd Md Daud; Nor Abu Bakar; Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim; Fitri Yakub. 2020. "Analysis of Urban Morphological Effect on the Microclimate of the Urban Residential Area of Kampung Baru in Kuala Lumpur Using a Geospatial Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7301.
This paper shares some new information on the ambient temperature profile and the heat stress occurrences directly underneath ground-mounted Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Arrays (monocrystalline-based) focusing on different temperature levels. A common ground for this work lies on the fact that 10C increase of PV cell temperature results in reduction of 0.5% energy conversion efficiency thus any means of natural cooling mechanism would gain much benefit especially to the Solar Farm operators. Transpiration process plays an important role in the cooling of green plants where in average it could dissipate around 32.9% of the total solar energy absorbed by the leaf making it a good natural cooling mechanism. This condition is relatively applied for herbs specifically for this project, Orthosiphon Stamineus or generally known as Java Tea are used as the high value crops. The thermal process via convective heat and mass exchange of leaves with the environment is relevant for a better understanding of plant physiological processes in response to environmental conversion factors for a wide range of applications. An important fact for plant heat stress with respect to the Ambient temperature is that the range lies between 10 C to 15 C above the surrounding value. This heat stress condition is relatively important and should be modelled in crops-energy integration. Agrivoltaic concept is a system that combines commercial agriculture and photovoltaic electricity generation in the same space. The concept is in line with the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG) which highlights the clean energy and sustainable urban living. The integration of agrivoltaic systems would optimize the yield, improving clean system efficiency and solving the issue of land resource sustainability. The PV bottom surface temperature are the main source of dissipated heat as shown in the thermal images recorded at 5 minutes interval at 3 sampling time. Statistical analysis shows that the Thermal correlations for transpiration process and heat stress occurrences between PV bottom surface and plant height will be an important finding for large scale plant cultivation in agrivoltaic farms.
Noor Fadzlinda Othman; Mohammad Effendy Yaacob; Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su; Juju Nakasha Jaafar; Hashim Hizam; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Ahmad Hakiim Jamaluddin; Guangnan Chen; Adam Jalaludin. Modeling of Stochastic Temperature and Heat Stress directly underneath Agrivoltaic conditions with Orthosiphon Stamineus Crops Cultivation. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleNoor Fadzlinda Othman, Mohammad Effendy Yaacob, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su, Juju Nakasha Jaafar, Hashim Hizam, Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Ahmad Hakiim Jamaluddin, Guangnan Chen, Adam Jalaludin. Modeling of Stochastic Temperature and Heat Stress directly underneath Agrivoltaic conditions with Orthosiphon Stamineus Crops Cultivation. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoor Fadzlinda Othman; Mohammad Effendy Yaacob; Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su; Juju Nakasha Jaafar; Hashim Hizam; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Ahmad Hakiim Jamaluddin; Guangnan Chen; Adam Jalaludin. 2020. "Modeling of Stochastic Temperature and Heat Stress directly underneath Agrivoltaic conditions with Orthosiphon Stamineus Crops Cultivation." , no. : 1.
This study investigated the variation of outdoor air temperature in the shaded area covered by buildings in an urban university campus in Malaysia. In-situ field measurements were conducted to measure the distribution of outdoor air temperature at eight different locations for seven days. Meanwhile, the building-induced shadows were generated using the AutoCAD Revit software to investigate the air temperature change. The study used four urban morphological parameters namely building to greenery ratio, sky view factor (SVF), and height-to-street width (H/W) ratio. The relationship between building-induced shadow and outdoor air temperature (Tout) obtained from the in-situ measurement was investigated. The results showed that the building-induced shadows could lower air temperature. It can be noted that a high ratio of building to greenery resulted in a higher air temperature. In contrast, the area with a low SVF value due to the combination of prolonged shading by buildings and trees had a lower air temperature. Thus, the area with a high building ratio, low greenery ratio, higher SVF value, and low H/W ratio potentially has a higher outdoor air temperature. Conclusively, combination of building shading created by appropriate ratio of building morphology and sufficient greenery able to improve the microclimate of a campus area.
Sheikh Zaki; Siti Syahidah; Mohd Shahidan; Mardiana Ahmad; Fitri Yakub; Mohamad Hassan; Mohd Md Daud. Assessment of Outdoor Air Temperature with Different Shaded Area within an Urban University Campus in Hot-Humid Climate. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5741 .
AMA StyleSheikh Zaki, Siti Syahidah, Mohd Shahidan, Mardiana Ahmad, Fitri Yakub, Mohamad Hassan, Mohd Md Daud. Assessment of Outdoor Air Temperature with Different Shaded Area within an Urban University Campus in Hot-Humid Climate. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheikh Zaki; Siti Syahidah; Mohd Shahidan; Mardiana Ahmad; Fitri Yakub; Mohamad Hassan; Mohd Md Daud. 2020. "Assessment of Outdoor Air Temperature with Different Shaded Area within an Urban University Campus in Hot-Humid Climate." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5741.
This study investigated the effects of urban morphology on microclimate parameters in an urban university campus in Malaysia. Outdoor air temperatures (Tout) were recorded at eight different locations inside the campus for seven days. The study used three urban morphological parameters such as green cover ratio, height-to-width (H/W) ratio, and sky view factor (SVF). The relationship between urban morphological parameters and Tout obtained from in situ measurements was investigated. The results showed that, at a dense green cover ratio of 22% in a 7833 m2 area where the H/W ratio was 0.2, Tout was reduced by about 1% due to a long building shadow cover (12 h) and a high range of SVF (from 0.61 to 0.68). The use of geographic information system (GIS) to generate the spatial data of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus (UTMKL), morphological features and in situ Tout distributions provided useful information of Tout variations, and proved the applicability of GIS as a useful tool in smart city urban planning.
Sheikh Ahmad Zaki; Nurnida Elmira Othman; Siti Wan Syahidah; Fitri Yakub; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi. Effects of Urban Morphology on Microclimate Parameters in an Urban University Campus. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2962 .
AMA StyleSheikh Ahmad Zaki, Nurnida Elmira Othman, Siti Wan Syahidah, Fitri Yakub, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi. Effects of Urban Morphology on Microclimate Parameters in an Urban University Campus. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2962.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheikh Ahmad Zaki; Nurnida Elmira Othman; Siti Wan Syahidah; Fitri Yakub; Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki; Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi. 2020. "Effects of Urban Morphology on Microclimate Parameters in an Urban University Campus." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2962.
Green façade (GF) is one of vertical greenery systems used as passive solutions applied on building façade in improving indoor thermal environment and energy efficiency. However, optimum improvement of thermal environment from GF is dependent on the overall foliage coverage established on the system itself. Higher percentage coverage of the foliage is expected to regulate and lessen the heat transfer toward inside environment. Therefore, this study is to investigate the potential of selected tropical climbing plants in establishing foliage coverage on the GF. Three selected tropical species of climbers used on green façade; i.e. Anemopaegma chamberlaynii (AC), Antigonon leptopus (AL), and Quisqualis indica (QI). A small-scale experiment with small scale size of freestanding walls (1.5 m (height) × 1.0 m (width) × 0.15 m (thick)) attached with GFs (modular trellis) and planter boxes at ground were built for this study. Despite small size leaf, AC performed consistently and has the highest percentage coverage throughout the measurement period with average of 86.5 %. The dominant trait of AC which is vigorous and fast growth rate contributed to the dense and almost fully covered the trellis structure of green façade. Higher percentage coverage also estimated to generate an instantaneous effect on thermal environment modification.
Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Maslina Jamil; Mohd Fauzi Mohd Zain. Percentage Coverage of Tropical Climbing Plants of Green Facade. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 401, 012025 .
AMA StyleMohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman, Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Maslina Jamil, Mohd Fauzi Mohd Zain. Percentage Coverage of Tropical Climbing Plants of Green Facade. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 401 (1):012025.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Maslina Jamil; Mohd Fauzi Mohd Zain. 2018. "Percentage Coverage of Tropical Climbing Plants of Green Facade." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 401, no. 1: 012025.
Zanariah Kasim; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Yusma Yusof. USE OF LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING FOR PEDESTRIAN TO ENHANCE CAMPUS WALKABILITY AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE. Environmental Impact IV 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleZanariah Kasim, Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Yusma Yusof. USE OF LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING FOR PEDESTRIAN TO ENHANCE CAMPUS WALKABILITY AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE. Environmental Impact IV. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZanariah Kasim; Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Yusma Yusof. 2018. "USE OF LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING FOR PEDESTRIAN TO ENHANCE CAMPUS WALKABILITY AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE." Environmental Impact IV , no. : 1.
Technically, trees can provide cooling effect and able to reduce ambient temperature in its own way. This paper investigates the potential of individual and cluster tree cooling effect performances in improving urban microclimate through the evaluation of urban trees canopy density. The evaluation is based on the actual measurement of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Leaf Area Density (LAD) and uses tested computer simulation tools ENVI-met. The study found that each tree has different capabilities in modifying each microclimate variables. However, it was revealed that the optimum effect of cooling of each tree was found during the hottest day to takes place approximately at 15:00 hours when the sun is overhead and solar angle height is close to 90°. Besides, trees with higher densities such as Ficus benjamina (i.e. LAI 9.7, LAD > 1.5) showed a remarkable reduction in comparison to the other loose density trees. It is also revealed that the implementation of cluster tree planting at larger scale could maximize the effects of cooling. Nevertheless, the downside of implementing high tree density could create a reduction of 63% of wind speed that might possibly influence the air movement in urban areas due to the drag force of tree canopy. The study concluded that the performance of tree cooling effect is well correlated with tree canopy density and it is also suggested the optimum cooling effect could achieved by higher tree density (mean LAD > 1.5) and larger tree quantities with tree cluster planting.
Mohd Fairuz Shahidan. Potential of Individual and Cluster Tree Cooling Effect Performances Through Tree Canopy Density Model Evaluation in Improving Urban Microclimate. Current World Environment 2015, 10, 398 -413.
AMA StyleMohd Fairuz Shahidan. Potential of Individual and Cluster Tree Cooling Effect Performances Through Tree Canopy Density Model Evaluation in Improving Urban Microclimate. Current World Environment. 2015; 10 (2):398-413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Fairuz Shahidan. 2015. "Potential of Individual and Cluster Tree Cooling Effect Performances Through Tree Canopy Density Model Evaluation in Improving Urban Microclimate." Current World Environment 10, no. 2: 398-413.
Mohd Fairuz Shahidan; Phillip J. Jones; Julie Gwilliam; Elias Salleh. An evaluation of outdoor and building environment cooling achieved through combination modification of trees with ground materials. Building and Environment 2012, 58, 245 -257.
AMA StyleMohd Fairuz Shahidan, Phillip J. Jones, Julie Gwilliam, Elias Salleh. An evaluation of outdoor and building environment cooling achieved through combination modification of trees with ground materials. Building and Environment. 2012; 58 ():245-257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Fairuz Shahidan; Phillip J. Jones; Julie Gwilliam; Elias Salleh. 2012. "An evaluation of outdoor and building environment cooling achieved through combination modification of trees with ground materials." Building and Environment 58, no. : 245-257.
Mohd. F. Shahidan; Mustafa K.M. Shariff; Phillip Jones; Elias Salleh; Ahmad Makmom Abdullah. A comparison of Mesua ferrea L. and Hura crepitans L. for shade creation and radiation modification in improving thermal comfort. Landscape and Urban Planning 2010, 97, 168 -181.
AMA StyleMohd. F. Shahidan, Mustafa K.M. Shariff, Phillip Jones, Elias Salleh, Ahmad Makmom Abdullah. A comparison of Mesua ferrea L. and Hura crepitans L. for shade creation and radiation modification in improving thermal comfort. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2010; 97 (3):168-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd. F. Shahidan; Mustafa K.M. Shariff; Phillip Jones; Elias Salleh; Ahmad Makmom Abdullah. 2010. "A comparison of Mesua ferrea L. and Hura crepitans L. for shade creation and radiation modification in improving thermal comfort." Landscape and Urban Planning 97, no. 3: 168-181.