Lista de Siglas/Abreviaturas 18 F-FDG – fluordesoxiglicose marcado com flúor-18 123 I-MIBG – meta-iodo-benzil-guanidina marcado com iodo-123 […] Diretriz da SBC sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia da Doença de Chagas – 2023 Lista de Siglas/Abreviaturas 18 F-FDG – fluordesoxiglicose marcado com flúor-18 123 I-MIBG – meta-iodo-benzil-guanidina marcado com iodo-123 […] Diretriz da SBC sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia da Doença de Chagas – 2023

Introdução A última Diretriz de Insuficiência Cardíaca do Departamento de Insuficiência Cardíaca da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (DEIC/SBC) foi finalizada em março de 2018. A partir de então, houve um importante número de intervenções terapêuticas e abordagens diagnósticas que surgiram ou se consolidaram na prática clínica internacional e na pesquisa clínica. Ao lado disso, a pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe-nos conhecimento sobre o modelo fisiopatológico da agressão miocárdica e muitas dúvidas acerca da continuidade e da segurança dos medicamentos nos pacientes [...] Introdução A última Diretriz de Insuficiência Cardíaca do Departamento de Insuficiência Cardíaca da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (DEIC/SBC) foi finalizada em março de 2018. A partir de então, houve um importante número de intervenções terapêuticas e abordagens diagnósticas que surgiram ou se consolidaram na prática clínica internacional e na pesquisa clínica. Ao lado disso, a pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe-nos conhecimento sobre o modelo fisiopatológico da agressão miocárdica e muitas dúvidas acerca da continuidade e da segurança dos medicamentos nos pacientes

1. Introdução Atualmente, doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e câncer são as principais causas de mortalidade em todo o mundo e no Brasil.– As transições demográfica e epidemiológica ocorridas recentemente no nosso país resultaram no aumento da expectativa de vida da população, hoje em torno de 76 anos, e na modificação no perfil de saúde, em que doenças crônicas e suas complicações são prevalentes. Esses fatores ocasionam importantes desafios e a necessidade de uma agenda para as políticas de saúde que possam [...] 1. Introdução Atualmente, doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e câncer são as principais causas de mortalidade em todo o mundo e no Brasil.– As transições demográfica e epidemiológica ocorridas recentemente no nosso país resultaram no aumento da expectativa de vida da população, hoje em torno de 76 anos, e na modificação no perfil de saúde, em que doenças crônicas e suas complicações são prevalentes. Esses fatores ocasionam importantes desafios e a necessidade de uma agenda para as políticas de saúde que possam

Aims This study aimed to estimate the annual mortality risk and its determinants in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Methods and results We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS. Longitudinal studies published between 1 January 1946 and 24 October 2018 were included. A random-effects meta-analysis using the death rate over the mean follow-up period in years was used to obtain pooled estimated annual mortality rates. Main outcomes were defined as all-cause mortality, including cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular, heart failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac deaths. A total of 5005 studies were screened for eligibility. A total of 52 longitudinal studies for chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy including 9569 patients and 2250 deaths were selected. The meta-analysis revealed an annual all-cause mortality rate of 7.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.3–10.1; I² = 97.74%; T² = 0.70] among patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. The pooled estimated annual cardiovascular death rate was 6.3% (95% CI: 4.9–8.0; I² = 96.32%; T² = 0.52). The annual mortality rates for heart failure, sudden death, and stroke were 3.5%, 2.6%, and 0.4%, respectively. Meta-regression showed that low left ventricular ejection fraction (coefficient = −0.04; 95% CI: −0.07, −0.02; P = 0.001) was associated with an increased mortality risk. Subgroup analysis based on American Heart Association (AHA) classification revealed pooled estimate rates of 4.8%, 8.7%, 13.9%, and 22.4% (P < 0.001) for B1/B2, B2/C, C, and C/D stages of cardiomyopathy, respectively. Conclusions The annual mortality risk in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy is substantial and primarily attributable to cardiovascular causes. This risk significantly increases in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction and those classified as AHA stages C and C/D.

Chagas disease, caused by a Trypanosona cruzi infection, is one of the main causes of heart failure in Latin America. It was originally a health problem endemic to South America, predominantly affecting residents of poor rural areas. With globalization and increasing migratory flows from these areas to large cities, the immigration of T. cruzi chronically-infected people to developed, non-endemic countries has occurred. This issue has emerged as an important consideration for heart transplant professionals. Currently, Chagas patients with end-stage heart failure may need a heart transplantation (HTx). This implies that in post-transplant immunosuppression therapy to avoid rejection in the recipient, there is the possibility of T. cruzi infection reactivation, increasing the morbidity and mortality rates. The management of heart transplant recipients due to Chagas disease requires awareness for early recognition and parasitic treatment of T. cruzi infection reactivation. This issue poses challenges for heart transplant professionals, especially regarding the differential diagnosis between rejection and reactivation episodes. The aim of this review is to discuss the complexity of the Chagas disease reactivation phenomenon in patients submitted to HTx for end-stage chagasic cardiomyopathy.

Chagas disease (CD) is the third most common parasitic infection globally and can cause cardiac and gastrointestinal complications. Around 300,000 carriers of CD live in the U.S., with about 3000 of those in Colorado. We described our experience in diagnosing CD at a Colorado teaching hospital to revise screening eligibility criteria. From 2006 to 2020, we reviewed Trypanosoma cruzi (TC) IgG serology results for 1156 patients in our institution. We identified 23 patients (1.99%) who had a positive test. A total of 14/23 (60%) of positive serologies never had confirmatory testing, and 7 of them were lost to follow up. Confirmatory testing, performed in 9 patients, resulted in being positive in 3. One additional case of CD was identified by positive tissue pathology. All four confirmed cases were among patients born in Latin America. While most of the testing for CD at our institution is part of the pretransplant screening, no confirmed cases of CD derived from this strategy. Exposure risk in this population is not always documented, and initial positive results from screening are not always confirmed. The lack of standardized screening protocols for CD in our institution contributes to underdiagnosis locally and in health systems nationwide. Given a large number of individuals in the U.S. with chronic CD, improved screening is warranted.