This cytogenetic study evaluates the biostimulation potential of the aqueous extract of seabuckthorn fruits (AESF) in plant cells, using the Allium cepa species as a test plant. The effects were monitored both at the macroscopic and microscopically level. The onion bulbs were exposed to the action of different concentrations of AESF (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%) for 72 h. The obtained results showed the positive effect induced by the aqueous extract on the growth of the meristematic roots, but only at concentrations ranging between 0.5–1.5%, when the average length of the roots had values between 2.51–3.40 cm, which means an increase compared to the untreated control with 3.71–40.49%. Within the same concentration range of the AESF, an effect of intensifying the mitotic activity was recorded. On the other hand, at the 2–2.5% concentration of the AESF, there was an inhibitory effect on the growth of meristematic roots. Additionally, concentrations ≥2% of AESF induced a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect through the occurrence of some chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities in A. cepa cells (sticky, laggards, ring chromosomes, and micronucleus). The obtained results suggest the biostimulation potential of the AESF for plant cells and the possibility of using it as an eco-friendly fertilizer.

Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrients for agricultural crops, and optimizing nitrogen fertilization enables the achievement of high yields and improved quality. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the nitrogen form that influences wheat yield the most significantly, as well as the cultivars that respond positively to specific forms of nitrogen fertilization, in order to provide recommendations regarding cultivar selection and the appropriate technological approach for chernozem soils in southern Romania. Over a period of three agricultural years (2021–2022, 2022–2023, 2023–2024), 36 winter wheat cultivars were tested under three distinct fertilization conditions, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate + ammonium nitrogen, each applied at three different rates: 120 kg·ha⁻¹ active substance (a.s.), 150 kg·ha⁻¹ a.s., and 170 kg·ha⁻¹ a.s. The comparative performance of each cultivar relative to the others was evaluated using the Newman–Keuls multiple-range test. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the obtained yields was used to determine yield stability, and its correlation with yield levels allowed for the identification and recommendation of cultivars that simultaneously demonstrated high yields (above average) and good or moderate stability. Sole application of ammonium nitrogen significantly reduced yield by 3.34% (from 70.66 Q/ha to 68.3 Q/ha), while the nitrate+ammonium combination showed a non-significant yield increase compared to nitrate nitrogen alone (+0.65%, p > 0.05). Among the tested cultivars, Sacramento was identified as the most productive, showing statistically significant superiority for Ct1—the most commonly grown wheat cultivar Glosa—as well as for control 2 (Ct2), which represented the average yield of all tested cultivars under all nitrogen fertilization treatments.

Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrients for agricultural crops, and optimizing nitrogen fertilization enables the achievement of high yields and improved quality. In this context, the aim of the study was to identify the nitrogen form that significantly influences wheat yield, as well as the cultivars that respond positively to specific form of nitrogen fertilization, in order to provide recommendations regarding cultivar selection and the appropriate technological approach for chernozem soils in southern Romania. Over a period of three years (2021–2024), 36 winter wheat cultivars were tested under three distinct fertilization conditions: nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate + ammonium nitrogen, each applied in three different rates: 120 kg/ha a.s. (active substance), 150 kg/ha a.s., and 170 kg/ha a.s. The comparative performance of each cultivar relative to the others was evaluated using the Newman-Keuls multiple range test. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the obtained yields was used to determine yield stability, and its correlation with yield levels allowed for the identification and recommendation of cultivars that simultaneously demonstrated high yields (above average) and good or moderate stability. Among the tested cultivars, Sacramento was identified as the most productive, showing statistically significant superiority compared to both controls under all nitrogen fertilization treatments.

A current trend in agricultural technique is to perform minimal soil work both in preparing the soil for sowing and in caring for all plants, but especially for those that are sown.This study looked at the production differences in fodder corn recorded between the incorporation of green peas with the disk and its incorporation into the soil with the multi-purpose cultivator. The two options show notable differences in depth and quality of work, effectiveness in weed control and impact on soil structure.The research presents a comparative analysis of the two technologies, adapted to the specifics of chernozem soils, characterized by high fertility and a superior capacity to retain water and nutrients. The obtained results showed that the peas incorporated in the soil had a positive effect on the soil fertility and therefore also on the corn productivity.