The aim of this work was to study how certain applied cropping systems (conventional systems differentiated by fertilization level or sowing season and subsistence farming) influence yield, quality, productivity elements, and morphological characters in a collection of Romanian and foreign wheat cultivars. The following indicators were evaluated: productive potential (yield), quality (test weight, protein content, wet gluten content, deformation index, sedimentation index, and gluten index), as well as other elements that determine yield (number of ears/square meter, thousand kernel weight, number of grains/ear, and weight of grains/ear) and plant height. The results show that the cropping systems influenced all the elements studied except the thousand-kernel weight. The only characteristics influenced by higher nitrogen fertilization were test weight, protein content, wet gluten content, deformation index, and gluten index. The superiority of a delayed conventional system was shown by the number of grains/wheat ear and the deformation index. Protein content was differentiated between the conventional and the subsistence system, but especially between the low-input and the conventional system. Nitrogen supply is the most important factor for determining wheat productivity and grain quality.

Agricultural financing is a key global topic impacting sustainable development, food security, and environmental protection. This article presents a bibliometric analysis of research evolution in agricultural financing from 1975–2025, using the Web of Science and VOSviewer 1.6.18 platforms. The findings indicate a significant increase in interest, with agricultural financing emerging as a critical pillar for sector sustainability. Research in this field is shaped by a global network of collaborations, supported by major international organizations, contributing to innovative policy development. The study highlights key themes such as climate change, food security, and access to financing, as well as the diversification of financial resources. Countries with strong agricultural traditions have been central to this process, while others with fewer resources have achieved excellence through strategic approaches. Recent research underscores the role of agricultural financing in fostering a sustainable sector, with a focus on advanced technologies and international partnerships. This study provides a preliminary bibliometric overview of the evolution and growth of agricultural financing, identifying key influencing factors. It contributes to the existing literature and offers directions for future research, emphasizing emerging trends and significant academic contributions in the field.

This cytogenetic study evaluates the biostimulation potential of the aqueous extract of seabuckthorn fruits (AESF) in plant cells, using the Allium cepa species as a test plant. The effects were monitored both at the macroscopic and microscopically level. The onion bulbs were exposed to the action of different concentrations of AESF (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%) for 72 h. The obtained results showed the positive effect induced by the aqueous extract on the growth of the meristematic roots, but only at concentrations ranging between 0.5–1.5%, when the average length of the roots had values between 2.51–3.40 cm, which means an increase compared to the untreated control with 3.71–40.49%. Within the same concentration range of the AESF, an effect of intensifying the mitotic activity was recorded. On the other hand, at the 2–2.5% concentration of the AESF, there was an inhibitory effect on the growth of meristematic roots. Additionally, concentrations ≥2% of AESF induced a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect through the occurrence of some chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities in A. cepa cells (sticky, laggards, ring chromosomes, and micronucleus). The obtained results suggest the biostimulation potential of the AESF for plant cells and the possibility of using it as an eco-friendly fertilizer.

Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrients for agricultural crops, and optimizing nitrogen fertilization enables the achievement of high yields and improved quality. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the nitrogen form that influences wheat yield the most significantly, as well as the cultivars that respond positively to specific forms of nitrogen fertilization, in order to provide recommendations regarding cultivar selection and the appropriate technological approach for chernozem soils in southern Romania. Over a period of three agricultural years (2021–2022, 2022–2023, 2023–2024), 36 winter wheat cultivars were tested under three distinct fertilization conditions, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate + ammonium nitrogen, each applied at three different rates: 120 kg·ha⁻¹ active substance (a.s.), 150 kg·ha⁻¹ a.s., and 170 kg·ha⁻¹ a.s. The comparative performance of each cultivar relative to the others was evaluated using the Newman–Keuls multiple-range test. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the obtained yields was used to determine yield stability, and its correlation with yield levels allowed for the identification and recommendation of cultivars that simultaneously demonstrated high yields (above average) and good or moderate stability. Sole application of ammonium nitrogen significantly reduced yield by 3.34% (from 70.66 Q/ha to 68.3 Q/ha), while the nitrate+ammonium combination showed a non-significant yield increase compared to nitrate nitrogen alone (+0.65%, p > 0.05). Among the tested cultivars, Sacramento was identified as the most productive, showing statistically significant superiority for Ct1—the most commonly grown wheat cultivar Glosa—as well as for control 2 (Ct2), which represented the average yield of all tested cultivars under all nitrogen fertilization treatments.

Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrients for agricultural crops, and optimizing nitrogen fertilization enables the achievement of high yields and improved quality. In this context, the aim of the study was to identify the nitrogen form that significantly influences wheat yield, as well as the cultivars that respond positively to specific form of nitrogen fertilization, in order to provide recommendations regarding cultivar selection and the appropriate technological approach for chernozem soils in southern Romania. Over a period of three years (2021–2024), 36 winter wheat cultivars were tested under three distinct fertilization conditions: nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate + ammonium nitrogen, each applied in three different rates: 120 kg/ha a.s. (active substance), 150 kg/ha a.s., and 170 kg/ha a.s. The comparative performance of each cultivar relative to the others was evaluated using the Newman-Keuls multiple range test. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the obtained yields was used to determine yield stability, and its correlation with yield levels allowed for the identification and recommendation of cultivars that simultaneously demonstrated high yields (above average) and good or moderate stability. Among the tested cultivars, Sacramento was identified as the most productive, showing statistically significant superiority compared to both controls under all nitrogen fertilization treatments.