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Prof. Abd Halim Shamsuddin
Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)

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0 Biomass
0 Combustion
0 Renewable and Sustainable Energy
0 Energy Conversion Technologies

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Review
Published: 29 July 2021 in Sustainability
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The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020 prompted a global lockdown from March to July 2020. Due to strict lockdown measures, many countries experienced economic downturns, negatively affecting many industries including energy, manufacturing, agriculture, finance, healthcare, food, education, tourism, and sports. Despite this, the COVID-19 pandemic provided a rare opportunity to observe the impacts of worldwide lockdown on global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and climate change. Being the main greenhouse gas responsible for rising global surface temperature, CO2 is released to the atmosphere primarily by burning fossil fuels. Compared to 2019, CO2 emissions for the world and Malaysia decreased significantly by 4.02% (−1365.83 MtCO2) and 9.7% (−225.97 MtCO2) in 2020. However, this is insufficient to cause long-term impacts on global CO2 levels and climate change. Therefore, in this review, we explored the effects of worldwide lockdown on global CO2 levels, the impacts of national lockdown on Malaysia’s CO2 emissions, and the influence of climate change in Malaysia.

ACS Style

Chung Tan; Mei Ong; Saifuddin Nomanbhay; Abd Shamsuddin; Pau Show. The Influence of COVID-19 on Global CO2 Emissions and Climate Change: A Perspective from Malaysia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8461 .

AMA Style

Chung Tan, Mei Ong, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Abd Shamsuddin, Pau Show. The Influence of COVID-19 on Global CO2 Emissions and Climate Change: A Perspective from Malaysia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8461.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chung Tan; Mei Ong; Saifuddin Nomanbhay; Abd Shamsuddin; Pau Show. 2021. "The Influence of COVID-19 on Global CO2 Emissions and Climate Change: A Perspective from Malaysia." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8461.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2021 in Renewable Energy
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Local carbonate mineral, Malaysian dolomite has the potential as a deoxygenation catalyst due to its high capacity of CaO–MgO which enhances oxygen compound removal and produces high-quality green fuel with desirable lighter hydrocarbon. In this work, the performance of Ni-doped-calcined Malaysian dolomite (Ni/CMD900) catalyst with different catalyst synthesis techniques (precipitation, impregnation, and co-precipitation) were compared on the deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO) process for green fuel production. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalyst were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmette-Teller surface area, temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide, X-ray fluorescence, scanning emission microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis while the liquid products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Evidently from the result of the observation, the preparation technique plays an important role in determining the physicochemical properties of the catalyst for deoxygenation reaction of WCO in which precipitation technique outperformed other methods. Synthesized Ni-Malaysian dolomite-based catalyst, PRE/Ni/CMD900 catalyst was found to be superior in deoxygenation reaction activity as compared to other catalysts with high conversion of WCO (68.0%), high yield of pyrolysis oil (36.4%), and less coke formation (32.0%).

ACS Style

R.S.R.M. Hafriz; I. Nor Shafizah; N.A. Arifin; A. Salmiaton; R. Yunus; Y.H. Taufiq Yap; A.H. Shamsuddin. Effect of Ni/Malaysian dolomite catalyst synthesis technique on deoxygenation reaction activity of waste cooking oil. Renewable Energy 2021, 178, 128 -143.

AMA Style

R.S.R.M. Hafriz, I. Nor Shafizah, N.A. Arifin, A. Salmiaton, R. Yunus, Y.H. Taufiq Yap, A.H. Shamsuddin. Effect of Ni/Malaysian dolomite catalyst synthesis technique on deoxygenation reaction activity of waste cooking oil. Renewable Energy. 2021; 178 ():128-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R.S.R.M. Hafriz; I. Nor Shafizah; N.A. Arifin; A. Salmiaton; R. Yunus; Y.H. Taufiq Yap; A.H. Shamsuddin. 2021. "Effect of Ni/Malaysian dolomite catalyst synthesis technique on deoxygenation reaction activity of waste cooking oil." Renewable Energy 178, no. : 128-143.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2021 in Catalysts
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In this study, Malaysian dolomites as secondary catalysts are placed at the downstream of the fluidized-bed gasifier. Three types of Malaysian dolomites with different elemental ratios of CaO-MgO content denoted as P1, P2, and P3 are investigated with EFB gasification reaction at different cracking temperatures (700–900 °C). The performance of the catalysts with a variation of catalyst to biomass weight ratio (C/B) (0.05 to 0.30 w/w) is evaluated. The findings showed that the total gas yield increased by 20%, hydrogen increased by 66%, along with an almost 99% reduction in tar content with P1 catalyst with the following reaction conditions: gasification temperature of 850 °C, equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.25, and cracking temperature of 900 °C. Malaysia dolomite could be a secondary catalyst to provide a better alternative, tar-free hydrogen-rich gas with the possibility of regeneration and re-use.

ACS Style

Mohammed Al-Obaidi; Nor Ishak; Salmiaton Ali; Nor Arifin; Raja Raja Shahruzzaman; Wan Wan Abdul Karim Ghani; Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin; Abdul Shamsuddin. H2-Rich and Tar-Free Downstream Gasification Reaction of EFB by Using the Malaysian Dolomite as a Secondary Catalyst. Catalysts 2021, 11, 447 .

AMA Style

Mohammed Al-Obaidi, Nor Ishak, Salmiaton Ali, Nor Arifin, Raja Raja Shahruzzaman, Wan Wan Abdul Karim Ghani, Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin, Abdul Shamsuddin. H2-Rich and Tar-Free Downstream Gasification Reaction of EFB by Using the Malaysian Dolomite as a Secondary Catalyst. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (4):447.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed Al-Obaidi; Nor Ishak; Salmiaton Ali; Nor Arifin; Raja Raja Shahruzzaman; Wan Wan Abdul Karim Ghani; Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin; Abdul Shamsuddin. 2021. "H2-Rich and Tar-Free Downstream Gasification Reaction of EFB by Using the Malaysian Dolomite as a Secondary Catalyst." Catalysts 11, no. 4: 447.

Review article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Journal of Water Process Engineering
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The emergence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) in water and wastewater systems has high-risk implications for the environment. This manuscript discusses the treatment strategies for the removal of EDC in water and wastewater systems. The reviewed treatment outlines for EDC removal are classified into physical, biological, and chemical treatments. The application of EDC treatments is discussed based on the removal and degradation process to eliminate the EDC compounds. Interestingly, the physical treatment of membrane filtration processes has been an efficient method for EDC removal without using chemical disinfection in a treatment system. Nevertheless, like other EDC treatment methods, the membrane filtrations are not able to remove emerging contaminants completely. Thus, the overall factor of limitations and challenges in EDC treatment methods such as solubility, hydrophilicity, degradability, and polarity are discussed as to understand the applicability of the treatment techniques from the degradation pathways and the by-products produced. The integration treatment strategies through alternative approaches, such as sequential and hybrid treatments that enhanced the considerable removal of EDC are rely on the sample characteristics. Therefore, this article gathered each treatment approach's effectiveness and limitations, providing a potential outlook of EDC treatment strategies in water and wastewater treatment systems.

ACS Style

Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri; Raihana Bahru; Fatihah Suja'; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Sagor Kumar Pramanik; Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah. Treatment strategies for enhancing the removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water and wastewater systems. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2021, 41, 102017 .

AMA Style

Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri, Raihana Bahru, Fatihah Suja', Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Sagor Kumar Pramanik, Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah. Treatment strategies for enhancing the removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water and wastewater systems. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2021; 41 ():102017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri; Raihana Bahru; Fatihah Suja'; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Sagor Kumar Pramanik; Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah. 2021. "Treatment strategies for enhancing the removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water and wastewater systems." Journal of Water Process Engineering 41, no. : 102017.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The limitation of fossil fuel sources and negative environmental impact persuade scientists around the world to find a solution. One possible solution is by using renewable fuel to replace fossil fuel with an inexpensive, fast, and effective production process. The objective of this study is to investigate the biodiesel production from crude Reutealis trisperma oil using the conventional and the ultrasonic bath stirrer method through the esterification and transesterification process. The result shows that the most effective reaction time with an optimum condition for the esterification and transesterification of Reutealis trisperma oil is at 2 h 30 min by using the ultrasonic bath stirrer method. The optimum conditions at a temperature of 55 °C for the esterification and at 60 °C for transesterification with 2% (v/v) of sulphuric acid with catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt.% were a methanol-to-oil ratio of 60%, and agitation speed of 1000 rpm. This optimum condition gives the highest yield of 95.29% for the Reutealis trisperma biodiesel. The results showed that the ultrasonic bath stirrer method had more effect on the reaction time needed than using the conventional method and reduced half of the conventional method reaction time. Finally, the properties of Reutealis trisperma biodiesel fulfilled the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards with density, 892 kg/m3; pour point, −2 °C; cloud point, −1 °C; flash point, 206.5 °C; calorific value, 40.098 MJ/kg; and acid value, 0.26 mg KOH/g.

ACS Style

Teuku Riayatsyah; Razali Thaib; Arridina Silitonga; Jassinnee Milano; Abd. Shamsuddin; Abdi Sebayang; Rahmawaty; Joko Sutrisno; Teuku Mahlia. Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3350 .

AMA Style

Teuku Riayatsyah, Razali Thaib, Arridina Silitonga, Jassinnee Milano, Abd. Shamsuddin, Abdi Sebayang, Rahmawaty, Joko Sutrisno, Teuku Mahlia. Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teuku Riayatsyah; Razali Thaib; Arridina Silitonga; Jassinnee Milano; Abd. Shamsuddin; Abdi Sebayang; Rahmawaty; Joko Sutrisno; Teuku Mahlia. 2021. "Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3350.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2021 in Energies
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Fast development of centralized agricultural biogas plants leads to high amounts of digestate production. The treatment and disposal of liquid fractions after on-site digestate solid–liquid separation remains problematic due to their high organic, nutrient and aromatic contents. This work aims to study the variability of the remaining compounds in the digestate liquid fractions in relation to substrate origin, process parameters and solid–liquid separation techniques. Twenty-nine digestates from full-scale codigestion biogas plants and one waste activated sludge (WAS) digestate were collected and characterized. This study highlighted the combined effect of the solid–liquid separation process and the anaerobic digestion feedstock on the characteristics of liquid fractions of digestates. Two major clusters were found: (1) liquid fractions from high efficiency separation process equipment (e.g., centrifuge and others with addition of coagulant, flocculent or polymer) and (2) liquid fractions from low efficiency separation processes (e.g., screw press, vibrating screen and rotary drum), in this latter case, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was associated with the proportion of cow manure and energy crops at biogas plant input. Finally, SUVA254, an indicator for aromatic molecule content and the stabilization of organic matter, was associated with the hydraulic retention time (HRT).

ACS Style

Afifi Akhiar; Felipe Guilayn; Michel Torrijos; Audrey Battimelli; Abd Shamsuddin; Hélène Carrère. Correlations between the Composition of Liquid Fraction of Full-Scale Digestates and Process Conditions. Energies 2021, 14, 971 .

AMA Style

Afifi Akhiar, Felipe Guilayn, Michel Torrijos, Audrey Battimelli, Abd Shamsuddin, Hélène Carrère. Correlations between the Composition of Liquid Fraction of Full-Scale Digestates and Process Conditions. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):971.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Afifi Akhiar; Felipe Guilayn; Michel Torrijos; Audrey Battimelli; Abd Shamsuddin; Hélène Carrère. 2021. "Correlations between the Composition of Liquid Fraction of Full-Scale Digestates and Process Conditions." Energies 14, no. 4: 971.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2021 in Energies
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In this study, coconut oils have been transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology. The product obtained (biodiesel and FAEE) was then fractional distillated under vacuum to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel, which is a renewable fuel to operate a gas turbine engine. This process was modeled using RSM and ANN for optimization purposes. The developed models were proved to be reliable and accurate through different statistical tests and the results showed that ANN modeling was better than RSM. Based on the study, the optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% could be achieved with an ethanol–oil molar ratio of 9.25:1 under microwave irradiation with a power of 163.69 W for 12.66 min. This predicted value was obtained from the ANN model that has been optimized with ACO. Besides that, the sensitivity analysis indicated that microwave power offers a dominant impact on the results, followed by the reaction time and lastly ethanol–oil molar ratio. The properties of the bio-jet fuel obtained in this work was also measured and compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1655 standard.

ACS Style

Mei Yin Ong; Saifuddin Nomanbhay; Fitranto Kusumo; Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman; Abd Halim Shamsuddin. Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN). Energies 2021, 14, 295 .

AMA Style

Mei Yin Ong, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Fitranto Kusumo, Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman, Abd Halim Shamsuddin. Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN). Energies. 2021; 14 (2):295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mei Yin Ong; Saifuddin Nomanbhay; Fitranto Kusumo; Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman; Abd Halim Shamsuddin. 2021. "Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)." Energies 14, no. 2: 295.

Review
Published: 08 December 2020 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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This article aims to comprehensively review the anaerobic digestion (AD) process utilising the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) substrate. The AD of OFMSW has received considerable attention due to its significant energy and nutrient recovery as well as its greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential. AD is a biological process involving treating and stabilising organic matter in the absence of oxygen accomplished by a consortium of microorganisms and occurs under hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis phases. The hydrolysis phase is recognised as the primary rate-limiting step. Thus, exploring the ways to speed up the hydrolysis process will maximise biogas production. The key factors affecting the digestion efficiency include feedstock quality, pre-treatment process, design and selection of digestion process and process conditions including pH, temperature, carbon to nitrogen (C: N) ratio, organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time. The review reveals that solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) is best suited for OFMSW due to its high solid concentration (>15%) and better process performance. The continuous digestion with thermophilic temperatures was found to be the best condition for high solid AD process. The plug flow and continuous stir tank reactors were the best performing options to control the biological conditions for the digestate post-treatment. Proper selection of the parameters for the whole process is crucial in ensuring process feasibility and economic sustainability of AD of OFMSW. The study revealed that the AD of OFMSW could play a significant role to mitigate waste and waste-related problems.

ACS Style

M.F.M.A. Zamri; Saiful Hasmady; Afifi Akhiar; Fazril Ideris; A.H. Shamsuddin; M. Mofijur; I. M. Rizwanul Fattah; T.M.I. Mahlia. A comprehensive review on anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 137, 110637 .

AMA Style

M.F.M.A. Zamri, Saiful Hasmady, Afifi Akhiar, Fazril Ideris, A.H. Shamsuddin, M. Mofijur, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, T.M.I. Mahlia. A comprehensive review on anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2020; 137 ():110637.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.F.M.A. Zamri; Saiful Hasmady; Afifi Akhiar; Fazril Ideris; A.H. Shamsuddin; M. Mofijur; I. M. Rizwanul Fattah; T.M.I. Mahlia. 2020. "A comprehensive review on anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 137, no. : 110637.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Energies
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Pyrolyzed waste plastic-based green fuel has been reported to be used as an alternate fuel for diesel engines. Some of the main challenges for implementing this in current automotive technology include evaluating engine performance, emission, noise vibration harshness (NVH), and knock characteristics of this fuel. This study focuses on the engine performance of poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET)-based waste plastic oil (WPO) at varying engine speed conditions. The pyrolysis of mixed-waste plastic was carried out at 300 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. Physicochemical properties such as viscosity, density, calorific value, sulfur, and research octane number (RON) of the plastic fuel and its blends with gasoline were analyzed using ASTM standard test methods. The WPO was blended with two different types of gasoline (RON88 and RON90) at 10, 20, and 30%, and was tested in a spark-ignition (SI) engine. The experimental results showed that different WPO–gasoline blends can be used in an SI engine without any engine modifications, and the performance indicators for different blends were found to be close to that of pure gasoline. The brake power and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were found to be 4.1 kW and 0.309 kg/kW h, respectively. The 10% WPO and 90% RON90 blend produced optimal engine performance at 3500 rpm.

ACS Style

Khairil; Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah; Samsul Bahri; Sarwo Edhy Sofyan; Jalaluddin Jalaluddin; Fitranto Kusumo; Arridina Susan Silitonga; Yanti Padli; Muhammad Jihad; Abd Halim Shamsuddin. Experimental Study on the Performance of an SI Engine Fueled by Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil–Gasoline Blends. Energies 2020, 13, 4196 .

AMA Style

Khairil, Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah, Samsul Bahri, Sarwo Edhy Sofyan, Jalaluddin Jalaluddin, Fitranto Kusumo, Arridina Susan Silitonga, Yanti Padli, Muhammad Jihad, Abd Halim Shamsuddin. Experimental Study on the Performance of an SI Engine Fueled by Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil–Gasoline Blends. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khairil; Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah; Samsul Bahri; Sarwo Edhy Sofyan; Jalaluddin Jalaluddin; Fitranto Kusumo; Arridina Susan Silitonga; Yanti Padli; Muhammad Jihad; Abd Halim Shamsuddin. 2020. "Experimental Study on the Performance of an SI Engine Fueled by Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil–Gasoline Blends." Energies 13, no. 16: 4196.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2020 in Energies
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Biodiesel is a proven alternative fuel that can serve as a substitute for petroleum diesel due to its renewability, non-toxicity, sulphur-free nature and superior lubricity. Waste-based non-edible oils are studied as potential biodiesel feedstocks owing to the focus on the valorisation of waste products. Instead of being treated as municipal waste, waste coffee grounds (WCG) can be utilised for oil extraction, thereby recovering an energy source in the form of biodiesel. This study evaluates oil extraction from WCG using ultrasonic and Soxhlet techniques, followed by biodiesel conversion using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process. It was found that n-hexane was the most effective solvent for the oil extraction process and ultrasonic-assisted technology offers a 13.5% higher yield compared to the conventional Soxhlet extraction process. Solid-to-solvent ratio and extraction time of the oil extraction process from the dried waste coffee grounds (DWCG) after the brewing process was optimised using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that predicted yield of 17.75 wt. % of coffee oil can be obtained using 1:30 w/v of the mass ratio of DWCG-ton-hexane and 34 min of extraction time when 32% amplitude was used. The model was verified by the experiment where 17.23 wt. % yield of coffee oil was achieved when the extraction process was carried out under optimal conditions. The infrared absorption spectrum analysis of WCG oil determined suitable functional groups for biodiesel conversion which was further treated using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process to successfully convert to biodiesel.

ACS Style

M. Mofijur; F. Kusumo; I. M. Rizwanul Fattah; H. M. Mahmudul; M. G. Rasul; A. H. Shamsuddin; T. M. I. Mahlia. Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production. Energies 2020, 13, 1770 .

AMA Style

M. Mofijur, F. Kusumo, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, H. M. Mahmudul, M. G. Rasul, A. H. Shamsuddin, T. M. I. Mahlia. Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production. Energies. 2020; 13 (7):1770.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Mofijur; F. Kusumo; I. M. Rizwanul Fattah; H. M. Mahmudul; M. G. Rasul; A. H. Shamsuddin; T. M. I. Mahlia. 2020. "Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production." Energies 13, no. 7: 1770.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2020 in Processes
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Growing concern on global warming directly related to CO2 emissions is steering the implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). With Malaysia having an estimated 37 Tscfd (Trillion standard cubic feet) of natural gas remains undeveloped in CO2 containing natural gas fields, there is a need to assess the viability of CCS implementation. This study performs a techno-economic analysis for CCS at an offshore natural gas field in Malaysia. The framework includes a gas field model, revenue model, and cost model. A techno-economic spreadsheet consisting of Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PBP), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is developed over the gas field’s production life of 15 years for four distinctive CO2 capture technologies, which are membrane, chemical absorption, physical absorption, and cryogenics. Results predict that physical absorption solvent (Selexol) as CO2 capture technology is most feasible with IRR of 15% and PBP of 7.94 years. The output from the techno-economic model and associated risks of the CCS project are quantified by employing sensitivity analysis (SA), which indicated that the project NPV is exceptionally sensitive to gas price. On this basis, the economic performance of the project is reliant on revenues from gas sales, which is dictated by gas market price uncertainties.

ACS Style

Norhasyima Rahmad Sukor; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Faudzi Mat Isa. Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Capture Technologies in Offshore Natural Gas Field: Implications to Carbon Capture and Storage in Malaysia. Processes 2020, 8, 350 .

AMA Style

Norhasyima Rahmad Sukor, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, Faudzi Mat Isa. Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Capture Technologies in Offshore Natural Gas Field: Implications to Carbon Capture and Storage in Malaysia. Processes. 2020; 8 (3):350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhasyima Rahmad Sukor; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Faudzi Mat Isa. 2020. "Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Capture Technologies in Offshore Natural Gas Field: Implications to Carbon Capture and Storage in Malaysia." Processes 8, no. 3: 350.

Review
Published: 28 October 2019 in Energies
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Fossil fuel depletion, along with its ever-increasing price and detrimental impact on the environment, has urged researchers to look for alternative renewable energy. Of all the options available, biomass presents a very reliable source due to its never-ending supply. As research on various biomasses has grown in recent years, waste from these biomasses has also increased, and it is now time to shift the focus to utilizing these wastes for energy. The current waste management system mainly focuses on open burning and soil incorporation as it is cost-effective; however, these affect the environment. There must be an alternative way, such as to use it for power generation. Rice straw and rice husk are examples of such potential biomass waste. Rice is the main food source for the world, mostly in Asian regions, as most people consume rice daily. This paper reviews factors that impact the implementation of rice-straw-based power plants. Ash content and moisture content are important properties that govern combustion, and these vary with location. Logistical improvements are required to reduce the transport cost of rice husk and rice straw, which is higher than the transportation cost of coal.

ACS Style

M. Mofijur; T.M.I. Mahlia; J. Logeswaran; M. Anwar; A.S. Silitonga; S M Ashrafur Rahman; A.H. Shamsuddin. Potential of Rice Industry Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source. Energies 2019, 12, 4116 .

AMA Style

M. Mofijur, T.M.I. Mahlia, J. Logeswaran, M. Anwar, A.S. Silitonga, S M Ashrafur Rahman, A.H. Shamsuddin. Potential of Rice Industry Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source. Energies. 2019; 12 (21):4116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Mofijur; T.M.I. Mahlia; J. Logeswaran; M. Anwar; A.S. Silitonga; S M Ashrafur Rahman; A.H. Shamsuddin. 2019. "Potential of Rice Industry Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source." Energies 12, no. 21: 4116.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2019 in Energies
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Banana stem is being considered as the second largest waste biomass in Malaysia. Therefore, the environmental challenge of managing this huge amount of biomass as well as converting the feedstock into value-added products has spurred the demand for diversified applications to be implemented as a realistic approach. In this study, banana stem waste was experimented for bioethanol generation via hydrolysis and fermentation methods with the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) subsequently. Along with the experimental analysis, a realistic pilot scale application of electricity generation from the bioethanol has been designed by HOMER software to demonstrate techno-economic and environmental impact. During sulfuric acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, the highest glucose yield was 5.614 and 40.61 g/L, respectively. During fermentation, the maximum and minimum glucose yield was 62.23 g/L at 12 h and 0.69 g/L at 72 h, respectively. Subsequently, 99.8% pure bioethanol was recovered by a distillation process. Plant modeling simulated operating costs 65,980 US$/y, net production cost 869347 US$ and electricity cost 0.392 US$/kWh. The CO2 emission from bioethanol was 97,161 kg/y and SO2 emission was 513 kg/y which is much lower than diesel emission. The overall bioethanol production from banana stem and application of electricity generation presented the approach economically favorable and environmentally benign.

ACS Style

Nazia Hossain; Alyaa Nabihah Razali; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Tamal Chowdhury; Hemal Chowdhury; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Arridina Susan Silitonga. Experimental Investigation, Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production from Banana Stem. Energies 2019, 12, 3947 .

AMA Style

Nazia Hossain, Alyaa Nabihah Razali, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, Tamal Chowdhury, Hemal Chowdhury, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Arridina Susan Silitonga. Experimental Investigation, Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production from Banana Stem. Energies. 2019; 12 (20):3947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nazia Hossain; Alyaa Nabihah Razali; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Tamal Chowdhury; Hemal Chowdhury; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Arridina Susan Silitonga. 2019. "Experimental Investigation, Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production from Banana Stem." Energies 12, no. 20: 3947.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2019 in Energies
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Optimizing the process parameters of biodiesel production is the key to maximizing biodiesel yields. In this study, artificial neural network models integrated with ant colony optimization were developed to optimize the parameters of the two-step Cerbera manghas biodiesel production process: (1) esterification and (2) transesterification. The parameters of esterification and transesterification processes were optimized to minimize the acid value and maximize the C. manghas biodiesel yield, respectively. There was excellent agreement between the average experimental values and those predicted by the artificial neural network models, indicating their reliability. These models will be useful to predict the optimum process parameters, reducing the trial and error of conventional experimentation. The kinetic study was conducted to understand the mechanism of the transesterification process and, lastly, the model could measure the physicochemical properties of the C. manghas biodiesel.

ACS Style

Arridina Susan Silitonga; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Jassinnee Milano; Fitranto Kusumo; Abdi Hanra Sebayang; Surya Dharma; Husin Ibrahim; Hazlina Husin; M. Mofijur; S M Ashrafur Rahman. Optimization of Cerbera manghas Biodiesel Production Using Artificial Neural Networks Integrated with Ant Colony Optimization. Energies 2019, 12, 3811 .

AMA Style

Arridina Susan Silitonga, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Jassinnee Milano, Fitranto Kusumo, Abdi Hanra Sebayang, Surya Dharma, Husin Ibrahim, Hazlina Husin, M. Mofijur, S M Ashrafur Rahman. Optimization of Cerbera manghas Biodiesel Production Using Artificial Neural Networks Integrated with Ant Colony Optimization. Energies. 2019; 12 (20):3811.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arridina Susan Silitonga; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Jassinnee Milano; Fitranto Kusumo; Abdi Hanra Sebayang; Surya Dharma; Husin Ibrahim; Hazlina Husin; M. Mofijur; S M Ashrafur Rahman. 2019. "Optimization of Cerbera manghas Biodiesel Production Using Artificial Neural Networks Integrated with Ant Colony Optimization." Energies 12, no. 20: 3811.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2019 in Processes
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Processing biodiesel from non-edible sources of feedstock seems to be thriving in recent years. It also has also gathered more attention than in the past, mainly because the biodiesel product is renewable and emits lower pollution compared to fossil fuels. Researchers have started their work on various kinds of biodiesel product, especially from a non-edible feedstock. Non-edible feedstocks such as Ceiba pentandra show great potential in the production of biodiesel, especially in the Southeast Asia region because the plants seem to be abundant in that region. Ceiba pentandra, also known as the Kapok tree, produces hundreds of pods with a length of 15 cm (5.9 in) and diameter 2–5 cm (1–2 in). The pods consist of seeds and fluff in the surrounding areas inside the pod, which itself contains yellowish fibre, a mixture of cellulose and lignin. The seeds of Ceiba pentandra can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The study for Ceiba pentandra will involve techno-economic, as well as a sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the study also shows that the techno-economic analysis of a biodiesel processing plant for 50 ktons Ceiba pentandra with a life span of 20 years is around $701 million with 3.7 years of the payback period. Besides that, this study also shows the differences in operating cost and oil conversion yield, which has the least impact on running cost. By improving the conversion processes continuously and by increasing the operational efficiency, the cost of production will decrease. In addition, the study also explains the differences of final price biodiesel and diesel fossil fuel, both showing dissimilar scenarios subsidy and taxation. Biodiesel has a subsidy of $0.10/L and $0.18/L with a total tax exemption of 15%. The value was obtained from the latest subsidy cost and diesel in Malaysia. Finally, further research is needed in order to fully utilize the use of Ceiba pentandra as one of the non-edible sources of biodiesel.

ACS Style

N.A.M. Jamaluddin; T.M.I. Riayatsyah; Arridina Susan Silitonga; M. Mofijur; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; T M Indra Mahlia; S M Ashrafur Rahman. Techno-Economic Analysis and Physicochemical Properties of Ceiba pentandra as Second-Generation Biodiesel Based on ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Processes 2019, 7, 636 .

AMA Style

N.A.M. Jamaluddin, T.M.I. Riayatsyah, Arridina Susan Silitonga, M. Mofijur, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Hwai Chyuan Ong, T M Indra Mahlia, S M Ashrafur Rahman. Techno-Economic Analysis and Physicochemical Properties of Ceiba pentandra as Second-Generation Biodiesel Based on ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Processes. 2019; 7 (9):636.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.A.M. Jamaluddin; T.M.I. Riayatsyah; Arridina Susan Silitonga; M. Mofijur; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; T M Indra Mahlia; S M Ashrafur Rahman. 2019. "Techno-Economic Analysis and Physicochemical Properties of Ceiba pentandra as Second-Generation Biodiesel Based on ASTM D6751 and EN 14214." Processes 7, no. 9: 636.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2019 in Processes
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Nowadays, increased interest among the scientific community to explore the Calophyllum inophyllum as alternative fuels for diesel engines is observed. This research is about using mixed Calophyllum inophyllum-palm oil biodiesel production and evaluation that biodiesel in a diesel engine. The Calophyllum inophyllum–palm oil methyl ester (CPME) is processed using the following procedure: (1) the crude Calophyllum inophyllum and palm oils are mixed at the same ratio of 50:50 volume %, (2) degumming, (3) acid-catalysed esterification, (4) purification, and (5) alkaline-catalysed transesterification. The results are indeed encouraging which satisfy the international standards, CPME shows the high heating value (37.9 MJ/kg) but lower kinematic viscosity (4.50 mm2/s) due to change the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition compared to Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester (CIME). The average results show that the blended fuels have higher Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and NOx emissions, lower Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), along with CO and HC emissions than diesel fuel over the entire range of speeds. Among the blends, CPME5 offered better performance compared to other fuels. It can be recommended that the CPME blend has great potential as an alternative fuel because of its excellent characteristics, better performance, and less harmful emission than CIME blends.

ACS Style

Natalina Damanik; Hwai Chyuan Ong; M. Mofijur; Chong Wen Tong; Arridina Susan Silitonga; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Abdi Hanra Sebayang; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Chin-Tsan Wang; Jer-Huan Jang. The Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum—Palm Biodiesel. Processes 2019, 7, 597 .

AMA Style

Natalina Damanik, Hwai Chyuan Ong, M. Mofijur, Chong Wen Tong, Arridina Susan Silitonga, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Abdi Hanra Sebayang, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, Chin-Tsan Wang, Jer-Huan Jang. The Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum—Palm Biodiesel. Processes. 2019; 7 (9):597.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natalina Damanik; Hwai Chyuan Ong; M. Mofijur; Chong Wen Tong; Arridina Susan Silitonga; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Abdi Hanra Sebayang; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Chin-Tsan Wang; Jer-Huan Jang. 2019. "The Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum—Palm Biodiesel." Processes 7, no. 9: 597.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2019 in Energies
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Biodiesel as an alternative to diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats has attracted more and more attention because it is renewable and environmentally friendly. Compared to conventional diesel fuel, biodiesel has slightly lower performance in engine combustion due to the lower calorific value that leads to lower power generated. This study investigates the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an additive to the rice bran methyl ester (RBME). Artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) was used for predicting the calorific value. The interaction effects of parameters such as dosage of MWCNTs, size of MWCNTs and reaction time on the calorific value of RBME were studied. Comparison of RSM and ANN performance was evaluated based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the average absolute deviation (AAD) showed that the ANN model had better performance (R2 = 0.9808, RMSE = 0.0164, MAPE = 0.0017, AAD = 0.173) compare to RSM (R2 = 0.9746, RMSE = 0.0170, MAPE = 0.0028, AAD = 0.279). The optimum predicted of RBME calorific value that is generated using the cuckoo search (CS) via lévy flight optimization algorithm is 41.78 (MJ/kg). The optimum value was obtained using 64 ppm of < 7 nm MWCNTs blending for 60 min. The predicted calorific value was validated experimentally as 41.05 MJ/kg. Furthermore, the experimental results have shown that the addition of MWCNTs was significantly increased the calorific value from 36.87 MJ/kg to 41.05 MJ/kg (11.6%). Also, the addition of MWCNTs decreased flashpoint (−18.3%) and acid value (−0.52%). As a conclusion, adding MWCNTs as an additive had improved the physicochemical properties characteristics of RBME. To our best knowledge, no research has yet been performed on the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes-additive in physicochemical property of rice brand methyl ester application so far.

ACS Style

Fitranto Kusumo; T.M.I. Mahlia; A.H. Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; A.R Ahmad; Z. Ismail; Z.C. Ong; A.S. Silitonga. The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Additive in Physicochemical Property of Rice Brand Methyl Ester: Optimization Analysis. Energies 2019, 12, 3291 .

AMA Style

Fitranto Kusumo, T.M.I. Mahlia, A.H. Shamsuddin, Hwai Chyuan Ong, A.R Ahmad, Z. Ismail, Z.C. Ong, A.S. Silitonga. The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Additive in Physicochemical Property of Rice Brand Methyl Ester: Optimization Analysis. Energies. 2019; 12 (17):3291.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fitranto Kusumo; T.M.I. Mahlia; A.H. Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; A.R Ahmad; Z. Ismail; Z.C. Ong; A.S. Silitonga. 2019. "The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Additive in Physicochemical Property of Rice Brand Methyl Ester: Optimization Analysis." Energies 12, no. 17: 3291.

Review
Published: 30 July 2019 in Energies
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Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation systems may be used to utilize heat source with low pressure and low temperature such as solar energy. Many researchers have focused on different aspects of ORC power generation systems, but none so far has focused on the patent landscape of ORC system applications. As such, the objective of this study is to identify published patents on ORC system applications, particularly for solar energy. Four (4) technologies were identified in ORC application for solar energy: parabolic dish, parabolic trough, solar tower, and linear Fresnel reflector. A methodical search and analysis of the patent landscape in ORC system applications for solar energy published between 2007–2018 was conducted using the Derwent Innovation patent database. From the approximately 51 million patents in the database from various countries and patent agencies, 3859 patents were initially identified to be related to ORC applications for solar energy. After further stringent selection processes, only 1100 patents were included in this review. From these 1100 patents, approximately 12% (130 patents) are associated with parabolic dishes, about 39% (428 patents) are associated with parabolic troughs, approximately 21% (237 patents) are associated with solar towers, and about 28% (305 patents) are associated with linear Fresnel reflectors. Published patents on solar tower technology are currently on an increasing trend, led by China. All of these patents were published in the past 11 years. From this study, further researches on ORC application are still ongoing, but ORC application for solar energy has the potential to advance; allowing the world to ease issues related to over-reliance on fossil fuel.

ACS Style

T. M. I. Mahlia; H. Syaheed; Ak Emeroylariffion Abas; F. Kusumo; A. H. Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; M. R. Bilad. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System Applications for Solar Energy: Recent Technological Advances. Energies 2019, 12, 2930 .

AMA Style

T. M. I. Mahlia, H. Syaheed, Ak Emeroylariffion Abas, F. Kusumo, A. H. Shamsuddin, Hwai Chyuan Ong, M. R. Bilad. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System Applications for Solar Energy: Recent Technological Advances. Energies. 2019; 12 (15):2930.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. M. I. Mahlia; H. Syaheed; Ak Emeroylariffion Abas; F. Kusumo; A. H. Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; M. R. Bilad. 2019. "Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System Applications for Solar Energy: Recent Technological Advances." Energies 12, no. 15: 2930.

Review
Published: 24 December 2015 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Depletion of fossil fuels and environment deterioration has led to extensive research and development activities to explore renewable energy such as biogas generation from anaerobic digestion of waste for power generation. Anaerobic digestion of waste to generate methane (CH4) has been proven to be a very promising alternative to waste disposal and a valuable technology for renewable energy recovery. Although anaerobic digestion is proven to be a feasible and economically viable technology for renewable energy generation of wastes in many developed countries like Germany, there are challenges in implementing this technology in Malaysia. This paper reviews the potential for biogas production from various waste water treatment and waste management industries in Malaysia and current state of anaerobic digester deployment in Malaysia. It also discusses on the benefits and barriers for anaerobic digestion technology deployment to harness the biogas energy potential to support the renewable energy target in Malaysia. The analysis has shown that anaerobic digestion technology deployment has the potential of 1694 MW of electricity generation in 2014 and projected 22.35 TW.h of energy substitution potential by the year 2020. Hence, the analysis has shown that an active promotion and pursuant to anaerobic digestion deployment in Malaysia, a potential electricity generation capacity of 2135 MW and emission avoidance potential of 11.35 Mt of CO2 equivalent can be accomplished by the year 2020.

ACS Style

Palanisamy Kumaran; David Hephzibah; Ranganathan Sivasankari; Normanbay Saifuddin; Abd. Halim Shamsuddin. A review on industrial scale anaerobic digestion systems deployment in Malaysia: Opportunities and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2015, 56, 929 -940.

AMA Style

Palanisamy Kumaran, David Hephzibah, Ranganathan Sivasankari, Normanbay Saifuddin, Abd. Halim Shamsuddin. A review on industrial scale anaerobic digestion systems deployment in Malaysia: Opportunities and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2015; 56 ():929-940.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Palanisamy Kumaran; David Hephzibah; Ranganathan Sivasankari; Normanbay Saifuddin; Abd. Halim Shamsuddin. 2015. "A review on industrial scale anaerobic digestion systems deployment in Malaysia: Opportunities and challenges." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 56, no. : 929-940.