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Dr. Enas Nasr
Zagazig University-Faculty of Science- Zoology Department

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0 Heavy Metals
0 Bioaccumulation
0 soil contamination
0 fine structure
0 carabid beetles

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Journal article
Published: 15 May 2021 in Annals of Agricultural Sciences
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Heavy metals (HMs) pollution is becoming influential severe trouble in the farming ecosystem, where it causes serious health problems for many living organisms. This study was conducted to estimate the HMs accumulation under different sites from agricultural soil and its effects on enzymatic activities in tissues of the beetle, Blaps polychresta, as an indicator of soil contamination. Beetle and soil samples were collected from three agricultural sites; (A) a reference site, (B) fields located near the River Nile, and (C) fields closed to drainage. The atomic absorption results showed a significant increase in iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn) for both soil and beetles from site B & C compared to site A. The highest bioaccumulation (BAF) ratio was observed for nickel (Ni), As, and cadmium (Cd) in site C, while Zn, copper (Cu), and Pb in site B. HMs accumulation in beetle's tissues (gut, fat body, and testis) from site B & C induced the malondialdehyde (MDA) activity. Thus, a significant reduction of the antioxidant enzymes and total protein contents (TPc) were observed in beetle tissues from site C. However, no significant differences in some tissues of site B compared to other sites. A principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation were conducted between HMs concentrations in beetle tissues and antioxidant enzymes, TPc, and MDA. The current results of a principal component analysis (PCA) and the correlation test were used to assist the differences in the decline of the antioxidant enzymes: glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) and TPc, while; the elevation in MDA responses in beetle's tissues due to HMs accumulations in response to protect themselves from metals toxicity. The antioxidant defense and oxidative stress were more prominent in the tissues of the beetle's gut and fat bodies comparing to the testis. Accordingly, the HMs accumulation in agricultural soil can be predicted by the enzymatic activities in beetle tissues.

ACS Style

Enas E. Nasr; Abdulmohsen I. Algefare; Naif A. Al-Gabri; Zeinab Z. Khater. Enzymatic disturbances of the Egyptian beetle, Blaps polychresta (Forskål, 1775), as environmental indicators of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 2021, 66, 63 -74.

AMA Style

Enas E. Nasr, Abdulmohsen I. Algefare, Naif A. Al-Gabri, Zeinab Z. Khater. Enzymatic disturbances of the Egyptian beetle, Blaps polychresta (Forskål, 1775), as environmental indicators of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils. Annals of Agricultural Sciences. 2021; 66 (1):63-74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enas E. Nasr; Abdulmohsen I. Algefare; Naif A. Al-Gabri; Zeinab Z. Khater. 2021. "Enzymatic disturbances of the Egyptian beetle, Blaps polychresta (Forskål, 1775), as environmental indicators of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils." Annals of Agricultural Sciences 66, no. 1: 63-74.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Annual Research & Review in Biology
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Aims: To identify the chemical components of five wild Botanical oils (BOs) and their larvicidal influences on the anti-nutritional indices of the 4th instar larvae of Agrotis ipsilon. Study Design: A comparative study with the randomized design, using five plant Extracts replicated five times. Place and Duration of Study: Mentha longifolia, Artemisia judaica, Majorana hortensis, Origanum syriacum, and Achillea santolina were collected from the Sinai desert, Egypt. Study procedures were done at the Laboratory of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt, between December 2018 and June 2020. Methodology: An analysis of the tested BOs components was done using a Shimadzu GC-9A gas chromatograph. Five sub-lethal concentrations of each plant were prepared (5 replicate/treatment) to evaluate medium lethality against A. ipsilon larvae (20 larvae/replicate). Untreated larvae were used distilled water only as a control. Ten larvae of each treatment were treated with only one LC50 to estimate the effect of different tested BOs on anti-nutritional Activities. Results: The main component of the M. longifolia and A. judaica oil was Piperitone at 39.79 and 37.55%, respectively; whereas the M. hortensis, O. syriacum, and A. santolina oil was Terpinen-4-ol, Thymol, and Fragranyl acetate at 29.82, 31.21, and 25.67%, respectively. According to LC50 of the tested BOs, the toxicity of A. judaica, M. longifolia, O. syriacum, respectively, were the most effective oils, while M. hortensis and A. santolina oils were the least susceptibilities. The more toxic oils reduced food consumption, causing a significant decrease in relative consumption rate (RCR), growth rate (RGR), and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI)/digested (ECD). The previous oils also showed a significant increase in metabolic cost (MC) and anti-feeding activities against A. ipsilon larvae compared to M. hortensis and A. santolina. Conclusion: It is suggested that A. judaica and M. longifolia extracts contain high Piperitone content and could be accepted as toxicants to control A. ipsilon.

ACS Style

Enas E. Nasr; Samir S. Teleb; Amira I. Abou-Saty. Nutritional Responses of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Larvae under Toxicity Effects of Five Wild Botanical Extracts from Sinai, Egypt. Annual Research & Review in Biology 2021, 30 -46.

AMA Style

Enas E. Nasr, Samir S. Teleb, Amira I. Abou-Saty. Nutritional Responses of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Larvae under Toxicity Effects of Five Wild Botanical Extracts from Sinai, Egypt. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 2021; ():30-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enas E. Nasr; Samir S. Teleb; Amira I. Abou-Saty. 2021. "Nutritional Responses of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Larvae under Toxicity Effects of Five Wild Botanical Extracts from Sinai, Egypt." Annual Research & Review in Biology , no. : 30-46.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Unsustainable agricultural practices that minimize soil organic matter can promote the removal of heavy metal pollutants into the food chain. Such polluted soils can release contaminants into the groundwater, which leads to accumulation in plant tissue that is transferred to animals, birds, insects, and humans. Biomonitors of soil pollution with heavy metals can be identified by the ground beetles Calosoma chlorostictum (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators of soil quality and its yield sustainability. The experiment was performed on two sites in Zagazig City (30.62°N, 31.44°E), Egypt. The physicochemical parameters indicated that soil moisture and organic matter had the highest differences in the polluted agricultural soil compared to the reference soil. However, there were no significant differences in chloride content. The atomic absorption analysis exhibited the highest concentration recorded for arsenic (As) and the lowest for selenium (Se) in the polluted soil and the insect’s midgut. Meanwhile, the differences between heavy metal concentrations in the total soil and midgut of C. chlorostictum from current sites indicated that the highest differences were in aluminum (Al) and mercury (Hg), while arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were the lowest. Furthermore, the correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and insect midgut was highest in As, while the lowest correlation was noticed in Al. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that showed a more considerable disturbance in the C. chlorostictum midgut epithelial layer collected from the agricultural area than in the insects collected from the reference area. Evident ultrastructural alterations showed a rupture and distortion of microvilli, destruction of the columnar and regenerative cells, large separation between epithelial cells, and stretching of the cellular axis, as a result of which the lumen became very narrow. Moreover, a lot of vacuoles with little enzyme secretion were observed in the columnar epithelial cells. In addition, other manifestations due to pollution with heavy metals such as a pyknotic nucleus with abnormal chromatin, cytoplasmic vacuolization, disruptions, and vacuolation of mitochondria were detected, as well as the appearance of electron-dense vesicles, a lot of lysosomes, large myelin figures, and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum on account of soil contamination. Potential counteractive health influence in such applications could be avoided if the soil was adequately treated.

ACS Style

Enas E. Nasr; Zeinab Z. Khater; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Soil Physicochemical Properties, Metal Deposition, and Ultrastructural Midgut Changes in Ground Beetles, Calosoma chlorostictum, under Agricultural Pollution. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Enas E. Nasr, Zeinab Z. Khater, Martina Zelenakova, Zuzana Vranayova, Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Soil Physicochemical Properties, Metal Deposition, and Ultrastructural Midgut Changes in Ground Beetles, Calosoma chlorostictum, under Agricultural Pollution. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enas E. Nasr; Zeinab Z. Khater; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. 2020. "Soil Physicochemical Properties, Metal Deposition, and Ultrastructural Midgut Changes in Ground Beetles, Calosoma chlorostictum, under Agricultural Pollution." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.