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This paper discusses the effect of various climatic conditions that pertain to passive design measurements and their relationships with building configurations to improve indoor thermal comfort based on the different climate zones in Egypt to support Egypt’s sustainability agenda 2030. We find the most appropriate design settings that can increase the indoor thermal comfort, such as building orientation and shape. These settings can be modeled using DesignBuilder software combined with Egyptian meteorological data. This software is used accompanied by computational fluid dynamics to numerically assess the outcomes of different changes, by simulating indoor climate condition factors such as wind speed and temperature. Natural ventilation simulations were performed for four different shapes to create comprehensive dataset scenarios covering a general range of shapes and orientations. Seven scenarios were optimized to put forward a series of building bioclimatic design approaches for the different characteristic regions. The results indicated that the temperature decreased by about 3.2%, and the air velocity increased within the study domain by 200% in the best and the worst cases, respectively, of the four different shapes. The results of the study gave evidence that the configuration of buildings, direction, and wind speed are very important factors for defining the natural ventilation within these domains to support the green building concept and the sustainable design for a better lifestyle.
Ghada Elshafei; Silvia Vilcekova; Martina Zelenakova; AbdelAzim M. Negm. Towards an Adaptation of Efficient Passive Design for Thermal Comfort Buildings. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9570 .
AMA StyleGhada Elshafei, Silvia Vilcekova, Martina Zelenakova, AbdelAzim M. Negm. Towards an Adaptation of Efficient Passive Design for Thermal Comfort Buildings. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhada Elshafei; Silvia Vilcekova; Martina Zelenakova; AbdelAzim M. Negm. 2021. "Towards an Adaptation of Efficient Passive Design for Thermal Comfort Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9570.
There is consensus on the impact of wastewater irrigation on soil properties and heavy metal accumulation. The studies that show the impact of temporal changes as a result of different long-term additions of wastewater on the heavy metal accumulation and degradation of soil are extremely limited. This study was carried out to assess heavy metal contamination in soils irrigated with wastewater for more than 30 years in Egypt. A total number of 12 irrigation water samples and 12 soil profiles were collected during 2020 and were chemically characterized. The results showed that soils irrigated with wastewater over the long term contained significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to fields irrigated with fresh water. Heavy metal levels in water and soil samples were within the permissible limits, with the exception of Cd concentration in water (0.03 mg L−1). Continuous cultivation for a long period of time (30 years) using raw urban wastewater application has led to the adverse effect of increasingly available Pb concentration (5.44 mg kg−1). Similar temporal behavior was seen for Cd and Fe, which increased by 0.98 and 11.2 mg kg−1, respectively, after 30 years. The heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils significantly increased in clayey soils, as compared to sandy soils irrigated from the same source. Our findings provide important information for decision makers in Egypt and similar countries for the development of a strategy for the use of wastewater in irrigation for sustainable agricultural management.
Manal A. Alnaimy; Sahar A. Shahin; Zuzana Vranayova; Martina Zelenakova; Enas Mohamed Wagdi Abdel-Hamed. Long-Term Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Pollution and Degradation: A Case Study from Egypt. Water 2021, 13, 2245 .
AMA StyleManal A. Alnaimy, Sahar A. Shahin, Zuzana Vranayova, Martina Zelenakova, Enas Mohamed Wagdi Abdel-Hamed. Long-Term Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Pollution and Degradation: A Case Study from Egypt. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManal A. Alnaimy; Sahar A. Shahin; Zuzana Vranayova; Martina Zelenakova; Enas Mohamed Wagdi Abdel-Hamed. 2021. "Long-Term Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Pollution and Degradation: A Case Study from Egypt." Water 13, no. 16: 2245.
This study aims to investigate the impact of using untreated wastewater in irrigation. Different scenarios of management were applied by mixing it with treated wastewater or freshwater on groundwater quality. A hypothetical case study is presented. The numerical model of MODFLOW is used in the simulation by applying four stages (21 scenarios) including: different values of pumping rates, changing wastewater recharge rates, and a combination of the previous scenarios. Additionally, protection scenario for groundwater was applied by using different values of mixing of freshwater with wastewater. The simulation was carried out for the contamination of Chemical Oxygen Demand COD and the concentration reached 48.6 ppm at a depth of 25 m and 19.41 ppm at a depth of 50 m in the base case. The results showed a negative impact on groundwater quality had occurred due to increasing the pumping rates, wastewater recharge rates, and combination between two scenarios, which led to an increase of the contaminants in the aquifers. However, positive protection effects occurred due to mixing the wastewater with treated wastewater. The results of COD concentration in groundwater using treated wastewater reached 81.82, 77.88, 74.03, 70.12, and 66.15 ppm at a depth of 25 m and 53.53, 50.95, 48.43, 45.87, and 43.28 ppm at a depth of 50 m, at concentrations of 93, 88.52, 84.14, 79.7, and 75.19 ppm with constant pumping and recharge rates of 4320 m3/d and 547.5 mm/year, respectively. The using of treated wastewater could improve the groundwater quality to be used in the irrigation process and help to minimize groundwater contamination. Moreover, the abstraction of the groundwater should be optimized, and the qualities of wastewater should be constrained in agriculture to protect the groundwater quality.
Hany Abd-Elhamid; Shaimaa Abd-Elmoneem; Gamal Abdelaal; Martina Zeleňáková; Zuzana Vranayova; Ismail Abd-Elaty. Investigating and Managing the Impact of Using Untreated Wastewater for Irrigation on the Groundwater Quality in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7485 .
AMA StyleHany Abd-Elhamid, Shaimaa Abd-Elmoneem, Gamal Abdelaal, Martina Zeleňáková, Zuzana Vranayova, Ismail Abd-Elaty. Investigating and Managing the Impact of Using Untreated Wastewater for Irrigation on the Groundwater Quality in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHany Abd-Elhamid; Shaimaa Abd-Elmoneem; Gamal Abdelaal; Martina Zeleňáková; Zuzana Vranayova; Ismail Abd-Elaty. 2021. "Investigating and Managing the Impact of Using Untreated Wastewater for Irrigation on the Groundwater Quality in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7485.
In the original article, there were mistakes in Figure 7 and Figure 9 as published
Soha Mostafa; Osama Wahed; Walaa El-Nashar; Samia El-Marsafawy; Martina Zeleňáková; Hany Abd-Elhamid. Erratum: Mostafa et al. Potential Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Egypt. Water 2021, 13, 1715. Water 2021, 13, 1919 .
AMA StyleSoha Mostafa, Osama Wahed, Walaa El-Nashar, Samia El-Marsafawy, Martina Zeleňáková, Hany Abd-Elhamid. Erratum: Mostafa et al. Potential Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Egypt. Water 2021, 13, 1715. Water. 2021; 13 (14):1919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoha Mostafa; Osama Wahed; Walaa El-Nashar; Samia El-Marsafawy; Martina Zeleňáková; Hany Abd-Elhamid. 2021. "Erratum: Mostafa et al. Potential Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Egypt. Water 2021, 13, 1715." Water 13, no. 14: 1919.
This paper presents a comprehensive study to assess the impact of climate change on Egypt’s water resources, focusing on irrigation water for agricultural crops, considering that the agriculture sector is the largest consumer of water in Egypt. The study aims to estimate future climate conditions using general circulation models (GCMs), to assess the impact of climate change and temperature increase on water demands for irrigation using the CROPWAT 8 model, and to determine the suitable irrigation type to adapt with future climate change. A case study was selected in the Middle part of Egypt. The study area includes Giza, Bani-Sweif, Al-Fayoum, and Minya governorates. The irrigation water requirements for major crops under current weather conditions and future climatic changes were estimated. Under the conditions of the four selected models CCSM-30, GFDLCM20, GFDLCM21, and GISS-EH, as well as the chosen scenario of A1BAIM, climate model (MAGICC/ScenGen) was applied in 2050 and 2100 to estimate the potential rise in the annual mean temperature in Middle Egypt. The results of the MAGICC/SceGen model indicated that the potential rise in temperature in the study area will be 2.12 °C in 2050, and 3.96 °C in 2100. The percentage of increase in irrigation water demands for winter crops under study ranged from 6.1 to 7.3% in 2050, and from 11.7 to 13.2% in 2100. At the same time, the increase in irrigation water demands for summer crops ranged from 4.9 to 5.8% in 2050, and from 9.3 to 10.9% in 2100. For Nili crops, the increase ranged from 5.0 to 5.1% in 2050, and from 9.6 to 9.9% in 2100. The increase in water demands due to climate change will affect the water security in Egypt, as the available water resources are limited, and population growth is another challenge which requires a proper management of water resources.
Soha Mostafa; Osama Wahed; Walaa El-Nashar; Samia El-Marsafawy; Martina Zeleňáková; Hany Abd-Elhamid. Potential Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Egypt. Water 2021, 13, 1715 .
AMA StyleSoha Mostafa, Osama Wahed, Walaa El-Nashar, Samia El-Marsafawy, Martina Zeleňáková, Hany Abd-Elhamid. Potential Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Egypt. Water. 2021; 13 (12):1715.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoha Mostafa; Osama Wahed; Walaa El-Nashar; Samia El-Marsafawy; Martina Zeleňáková; Hany Abd-Elhamid. 2021. "Potential Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Egypt." Water 13, no. 12: 1715.
Groundwater is considered to be an important water supply for domestics, industry, and irrigation in many areas of the world. Renewable groundwater is recharged by rainfall and seepage from canals and open drain networks. Agricultural and industrial drainage, as well as domestic drainage, represent the main discharges into open drains. Therefore, these drains are considered to be a source of recharge as well as a source of pollution. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of the Bahr El Baqar drain system on groundwater quality in the Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. MODFLOW was used to create a numerical model to simulate groundwater flow in an aquifer and MT3DS was used to simulate solute transport from the open contaminated Bahr El Baqar drain to the groundwater. Two approaches were developed in the study area. The first approach was applied to investigate the impact of increasing the abstraction rates on the contaminant transport into the aquifer, the second approach was developed to identify the effect of lining the drain using different materials on contaminant extension in the aquifer to protect groundwater quality in the east Nile Delta Aquifer. The results showed that the TDS values increased by 18.23%, 23.29%, and 19.24% with increased abstraction rates of 15%, 34%, and 70%, resulting from population increases in 2010, 2025, and 2040, respectively; however, the TDS in the aquifer decreased from 0.6%, to 6.36%, 88.35%, and 90.47% by using lining materials.
Ismail Abd-Elaty; Abdelrahman Said; Gamal Abdelaal; Martina Zeleňáková; Jan Jandora; Hany Abd-Elhamid. Assessing the Impact of Lining Polluted Streams on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of the Eastern Nile Delta Aquifer, Egypt. Water 2021, 13, 1705 .
AMA StyleIsmail Abd-Elaty, Abdelrahman Said, Gamal Abdelaal, Martina Zeleňáková, Jan Jandora, Hany Abd-Elhamid. Assessing the Impact of Lining Polluted Streams on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of the Eastern Nile Delta Aquifer, Egypt. Water. 2021; 13 (12):1705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail Abd-Elaty; Abdelrahman Said; Gamal Abdelaal; Martina Zeleňáková; Jan Jandora; Hany Abd-Elhamid. 2021. "Assessing the Impact of Lining Polluted Streams on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of the Eastern Nile Delta Aquifer, Egypt." Water 13, no. 12: 1705.
This project investigated the relative efficiencies of three pilot-scale constructed columns for enhancing drainage wastewater treatment processes to ensure compliance with Egyptian and international water quality criteria. In this investigation, basic materials (sand and gravel) and variable natural clay minerals zeolite (Z), diatomite (D) and bentonite (B) were utilized as packing materials to build up a Z column (ZC), D column (DC) and B column (BC), respectively. The three columns’ ability to remove pollutants from waste water for re-use in irrigation was investigated throughout one year (12 trials). The results revealed that the influent water had 211 mg/L total suspended solids, 6.09 mg/L total nitrogen, 36.67 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand, 56 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, 1700 mg/L total dissolved solids, 0.97 mg/L copper (Cu2+), 1.12 mg/L iron (Fe2+), 1.07 mg/L manganese (Mn2+), 1.02 mg/L lead (Pb2+), 1.05 mg/L zinc (Zn2+), and 46 × 103 CFU/mL fecal coliforms. These parameters were higher than the values permitted by Egyptian and international licenses. The range of removal efficiency of these pollutants by ZC was 96–21%, by BC was 99–29.8%, and by DC was 99–19.80%. Regeneration studies for the spent adsorbents demonstrated that the percentages of pollutant removal were sufficiently high. The treated effluent produced by the three columns was suitable for irrigation purposes, especially at a contact time of four hours, with the order for column treatment efficiency being BC ˃ DC ˃ ZC. Treated water was classified for irrigation suitability according to the Agrifood Water Quality Index (AFWQI) as marginal from the ZC, very good from the DC, and excellent from the BC. Treatment of such drainage water using the BC and DC appears feasible, because the process is easily operated and leads to final treated effluent of high quality for agricultural uses. The economic cost also confirms the feasibility of this treatment.
Elsayed ElBastamy; Lubna Ibrahim; Atef Ghandour; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Efficiency of Natural Clay Mineral Adsorbent Filtration Systems in Wastewater Treatment for Potential Irrigation Purposes. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5738 .
AMA StyleElsayed ElBastamy, Lubna Ibrahim, Atef Ghandour, Martina Zelenakova, Zuzana Vranayova, Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Efficiency of Natural Clay Mineral Adsorbent Filtration Systems in Wastewater Treatment for Potential Irrigation Purposes. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5738.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsayed ElBastamy; Lubna Ibrahim; Atef Ghandour; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. 2021. "Efficiency of Natural Clay Mineral Adsorbent Filtration Systems in Wastewater Treatment for Potential Irrigation Purposes." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5738.
This paper explores practical applications of bivariate modelling via copulas of two likely dependent random variables, i.e., of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) coupled with extreme rainfall on the small island of Madeira, Portugal. Madeira, due to its small size (∼740 km
Luis Espinosa; Maria Portela; João Pontes Filho; Martina Zelenakova. Bivariate Modelling of a Teleconnection Index and Extreme Rainfall in a Small North Atlantic Island. Climate 2021, 9, 86 .
AMA StyleLuis Espinosa, Maria Portela, João Pontes Filho, Martina Zelenakova. Bivariate Modelling of a Teleconnection Index and Extreme Rainfall in a Small North Atlantic Island. Climate. 2021; 9 (5):86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Espinosa; Maria Portela; João Pontes Filho; Martina Zelenakova. 2021. "Bivariate Modelling of a Teleconnection Index and Extreme Rainfall in a Small North Atlantic Island." Climate 9, no. 5: 86.
This study used the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized runoff index (SRI) to analyze dry and humid conditions in the hill-country catchment area of the Laborec River (Slovakia) over a period of 50 years (1970–2019). Analysis of the SPI and SRI over various time scales showed the occurrence of wet periods (index > 1.0) that were associated with precipitation exceeding the long-term norm, and dry periods (index below −1.0), which were the result of small amounts of precipitation. Analysis of the correlation between the SPI and SRI on different time scales revealed that the catchment showed a weaker response to precipitation over short time scales (1 and 3 months) and a stronger response over longer accumulation periods (6, 9, and 12 months). The highest annual correlation coefficient (r = 0.72) was recorded between SRI-6 at the Humenne hydrometric station and SPI-9 at the Medzilaborce meteorological station in the upper part of the catchment area. The strongest annual correlation (r = 0.69) was obtained between the Izkovce and Kamenica stations in the lower part of the catchment area. As shown by the cross-relationships examined over different periods of accumulation of flows and precipitation, hydrological droughts appeared as a result of the occurrence of meteorological droughts with a three-month delay. The conducted analysis showed that in the case of the Laborec river catchment area, there was a strong correlation between the occurrence of meteorological drought and hydrological drought.
Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka; Patrik Nagy; Martina Zeleňáková; Helena Hlavatá; Hany Abd-Elhamid. Identification of Extreme Weather Events Using Meteorological and Hydrological Indicators in the Laborec River Catchment, Slovakia. Water 2021, 13, 1413 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka, Patrik Nagy, Martina Zeleňáková, Helena Hlavatá, Hany Abd-Elhamid. Identification of Extreme Weather Events Using Meteorological and Hydrological Indicators in the Laborec River Catchment, Slovakia. Water. 2021; 13 (10):1413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka; Patrik Nagy; Martina Zeleňáková; Helena Hlavatá; Hany Abd-Elhamid. 2021. "Identification of Extreme Weather Events Using Meteorological and Hydrological Indicators in the Laborec River Catchment, Slovakia." Water 13, no. 10: 1413.
Heavy rainfall events causing floods and flash floods are examined in the context of solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system. The superposed epoch (SPE) analyses of solar wind variables have shown a tendency of severe weather to follow arrivals of high-speed streams from solar coronal holes (Prikryl et al., 2018). Precipitation datasets based on rain-gauge and satellite sensor measurements are used to examine the relationship between the solar wind high-speed streams and daily precipitation rates over several mid-latitude regions. The SPE analysis results show an increase in occurrence of high precipitation rates following arrivals of high-speed streams, including recurrence with a periodicity of 27 days. The cross-correlation analysis applied to the SPE averages of the green (Fe XIV, 530.3 nm) corona intensity observed by ground-based coronagraphs, solar wind parameters and daily precipitation rates show correlation peaks at lags spaced by solar rotation period. When the SPE analysis is limited to years around the solar minimum (2008–2009), which was dominated by recurrent coronal holes separated by ~120˚ in heliographic longitude, significant cross-correlation peaks are found at lags spaced by 9 days. These results are further demonstrated by cases of heavy rainfall, floods and flash floods in Europe, Japan, and the U.S., highlighting the role of solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system in severe weather, mediated by aurorally excited atmospheric gravity waves.
Paul Prikryl; Vojto Rušin; Emil A. Prikryl; Pavel Šťastný; Maroš Turňa; Martina Zeleňáková. Heavy rainfall, floods, and flash floods in the context of solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system. 2021, 2021, 1 -42.
AMA StylePaul Prikryl, Vojto Rušin, Emil A. Prikryl, Pavel Šťastný, Maroš Turňa, Martina Zeleňáková. Heavy rainfall, floods, and flash floods in the context of solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system. . 2021; 2021 ():1-42.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Prikryl; Vojto Rušin; Emil A. Prikryl; Pavel Šťastný; Maroš Turňa; Martina Zeleňáková. 2021. "Heavy rainfall, floods, and flash floods in the context of solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system." 2021, no. : 1-42.
Groundwater contamination due to saltwater intrusion (SWI) has an extreme effect on freshwater quality. Analytical and numerical models could be used to investigate SWI. This study aims to develop an analytical solution to investigate SWI into coastal aquifers which was applied to a real case study at the Middle Nile Delta aquifer (MNDA). The study presented a new formula to predict the difference in depth of freshwater to seawater interface due to a change in boundary conditions. A Computer Program for Simulation of Three-Dimensional Variable-Density Ground-Water Flow and Transport (SEAWAT) is used for groundwater flow simulation and SWI and the results compared with the developed analytical solution. Four scenarios are considered in the study, including; the sea-level rise (SLR), reduction in recharge, over abstraction, and combination after 50 years (2070). The analytical solution gave good results compared to the numerical one where Equiline 1 intruded to 103 and 101.66 km respectively at the base case. The results also gave a good agreement between numerical and the analytical solution for SLR due to climate changes by 52.80 cm where the Equiline 1 reached to 105 and 103.45 km. However, the reduction in aquifer recharge by 18.50% resulted in an intrusion for the Equiline-1 to 111 and 108.25 km from the shoreline. Over pumping due to the increase in population by 89% has increased the SWI to reach 121,110.31 km, while it reached 131 and 111.32 km at a combination of the three scenarios, which represents the highest threatening scenario. Also, the difference between the two solutions reached 1.30%, 1.48%, 2.48%, 8.84%, and 15.02%, respectively for the base case and four scenarios. For the current case study, the analytical model gave good results compared to the numerical one, so that the analytical solution is recommended for similar studies, which could save the time and capabilities of computer required for the numerical solutions.
Ismail Abd-Elaty; Martina Zeleňáková; Katarína Krajníková; Hany Abd-Elhamid. Analytical Solution of Saltwater Intrusion in Costal Aquifers Considering Climate Changes and Different Boundary Conditions. Water 2021, 13, 995 .
AMA StyleIsmail Abd-Elaty, Martina Zeleňáková, Katarína Krajníková, Hany Abd-Elhamid. Analytical Solution of Saltwater Intrusion in Costal Aquifers Considering Climate Changes and Different Boundary Conditions. Water. 2021; 13 (7):995.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail Abd-Elaty; Martina Zeleňáková; Katarína Krajníková; Hany Abd-Elhamid. 2021. "Analytical Solution of Saltwater Intrusion in Costal Aquifers Considering Climate Changes and Different Boundary Conditions." Water 13, no. 7: 995.
In recent decades, a wide range of approaches have been developed to mitigate hydrological impacts as well as the influence on water quality due to urbanization
Martina Zeleňáková. Urban Rainwater and Flood Management. Water 2021, 13, 974 .
AMA StyleMartina Zeleňáková. Urban Rainwater and Flood Management. Water. 2021; 13 (7):974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartina Zeleňáková. 2021. "Urban Rainwater and Flood Management." Water 13, no. 7: 974.
Precipitation and its development over time is an important indicator of climate change. Research on long-term precipitation totals is absent in the Slovak Republic. This paper deals with the statistical analysis of daily precipitation from 48 precipitation stations in Slovakia. The paper evaluates the spatial distribution of precipitation in Slovakia and also presents analyses of stationarity and trends using the Mann-Kendall test. Emphasis is placed especially on the evaluation of the trends in total annual precipitation, maximum daily precipitation and also the number of days without precipitation in the year. By evaluating the trends in these three indicators, it is possible to assess the impact of potential change in the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation on hydrological drought and floods. The results show that there are currently no significant changes in precipitation in Slovakia. The problem of floods and hydrological drought seems to be more complex and is mainly due to surface water drainage from the landscape and the change in its use in connection with the increase in the average annual temperature.
Adam Repel; Martina Zeleňáková; Vinayakam Jothiprakash; Helena Hlavatá; Peter Blišťan; Ibrahim Gargar; Pavol Purcz. Long-Term Analysis of Precipitation in Slovakia. Water 2021, 13, 952 .
AMA StyleAdam Repel, Martina Zeleňáková, Vinayakam Jothiprakash, Helena Hlavatá, Peter Blišťan, Ibrahim Gargar, Pavol Purcz. Long-Term Analysis of Precipitation in Slovakia. Water. 2021; 13 (7):952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdam Repel; Martina Zeleňáková; Vinayakam Jothiprakash; Helena Hlavatá; Peter Blišťan; Ibrahim Gargar; Pavol Purcz. 2021. "Long-Term Analysis of Precipitation in Slovakia." Water 13, no. 7: 952.
Runoff water harvesting (RWH) is considered as an important tool for overcoming water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. The present work focuses on identifying potential RWH sites in the Wadi Watir watershed in the south-eastern part of the Sinai Peninsula. This was carried out by means of significant integration of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), distributed spatial model, geographical information system (GIS), watershed modeling system (WMS), and remote sensing techniques (RS). This integration of modern research tools has its own bearing on the accurate identification of optimum RWH sites, which could be relied upon in developmental planning for arid environments. Eight effective RWH parameters were chosen to apply a multi-parametric decision spatial model (MPDSM), namely the overland flow distance, volume of annual flood, drainage density, maximum flow distance, infiltration number, watershed slope, watershed area and watershed length. These parameters were used within ArcGIS 10.1© as thematic layers to build a distributed hydrological spatial model. The weights and ranks of each model parameter were assigned according to their magnitude of contribution in the RWH potentiality mapping using a pairwise correlation matrix verified by calculating the consistency ratio (CR), which governs the reliability of the model application. The CR value was found to be less than 0.1 (0.069), indicating acceptable consistency and validity for use. The resulting MPDSM map classified the watershed into five categories of RWH potential, ranging from very low to very high. The high and very high classes, which are the most suitable for RWH structures, make up approximately 33.24% of the total watershed area. Accordingly, four retention dams and seven ground cisterns (tanks) were proposed in these areas to collect and store the runoff water, whereby these proposed RWH structures were chosen according to the soil type and current land-use pattern. The resulting MPDSM map was validated using a topographic wetness index (TWI) map, created for the watershed. This integrative and applied approach is an important technique which can be applied in similar arid environments elsewhere.
Hossam H. Elewa; Martina Zelenakova; Ahmed M. Nosair. Integration of the Analytical Hierarchy Process and GIS Spatial Distribution Model to Determine the Possibility of Runoff Water Harvesting in Dry Regions: Wadi Watir in Sinai as a Case Study. Water 2021, 13, 804 .
AMA StyleHossam H. Elewa, Martina Zelenakova, Ahmed M. Nosair. Integration of the Analytical Hierarchy Process and GIS Spatial Distribution Model to Determine the Possibility of Runoff Water Harvesting in Dry Regions: Wadi Watir in Sinai as a Case Study. Water. 2021; 13 (6):804.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHossam H. Elewa; Martina Zelenakova; Ahmed M. Nosair. 2021. "Integration of the Analytical Hierarchy Process and GIS Spatial Distribution Model to Determine the Possibility of Runoff Water Harvesting in Dry Regions: Wadi Watir in Sinai as a Case Study." Water 13, no. 6: 804.
The most appropriate method to protect settlements and economically important sites from flood hazard, is the implementation of flood protection measures in stream catchments and protected localities, which contribute to reduce the peak flow and distribution of the flood wave over a longer period of time. If such measures are not realistic or ineffective, it is necessary to focus on flood protection directly on the area of the protected side or its vicinity. Where the lag time between the flood threat detection and actual flood onset is short, one possible measure is to increase the capacity of the watercourse, very often in combination with other flood mitigation measures in the protected area. The engineering approach to flood protection is the subject of many scientific research studies. Permission for flood protection structures depends on their environmental impact assessment (EIA), according to Law no. 24/2002 Coll. on Environmental Impact Assessment in the Slovak Republic, annex no. 8 (list of activities subject to EIA). Based on the EIA, it is possible to select the best alternative of flood protection, i.e., the alternative with the lowest risk impact on the environment. This paper aims to analyse the flood protection measures along the Lukavica stream (central Slovakia), applying hydraulic models. The best alternative with the lowest impact on the environment, assessed using the risk analysis method, consists of detention reservoir construction. An effective combination of environmental impact assessment and hydraulic modelling contribute to the selection of an effective flood protection measure in the territory.
Andrej Šoltész; Martina Zeleňáková; Lea Čubanová; Mária Šugareková; Hany Abd-Elhamid. Environmental Impact Assessment and Hydraulic Modelling of Different Flood Protection Measures. Water 2021, 13, 786 .
AMA StyleAndrej Šoltész, Martina Zeleňáková, Lea Čubanová, Mária Šugareková, Hany Abd-Elhamid. Environmental Impact Assessment and Hydraulic Modelling of Different Flood Protection Measures. Water. 2021; 13 (6):786.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrej Šoltész; Martina Zeleňáková; Lea Čubanová; Mária Šugareková; Hany Abd-Elhamid. 2021. "Environmental Impact Assessment and Hydraulic Modelling of Different Flood Protection Measures." Water 13, no. 6: 786.
The shortage of water is a major obstruction to the social and economic development of many countries, including Egypt. Therefore, there is an urgent need to properly manage water resources to achieve optimum water use. One way of saving available water resources is to reduce evaporation that leads to the loss of a large amount of water from reservoirs and open lakes. This paper aims to use a floating photovoltaic system (FPVS) to cover a lake’s water surface to reduce evaporation and also for energy production. This methodology was applied to Lake Nasser as one of the largest lakes in the world where much evaporation happens due to its large area, arid environments, and the shallow depths of some parts of the lake. The estimated evaporation from the lake was 12.0 × 109 m3/year. The results show that covering 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the lake can save about 2.1, 4.2, 6.3, 7.0, and 8.4 × 109 m3/year and produce energy of 2.85 × 109, 5.67 × 109, 8.54 × 109, and 11.38 × 109 MWh/year, respectively. Covering areas of shallow water depth was more efficient and economical. The results show that covering 15% of the lake’s area (depths from 0.0 to 3.0 m) can save 2.66 × 109 m3/year and produce 1.7 MWh/year. Covering 25% of the lake’s area (depths from 0.0 to 7.0) can save 3.5 × 109 m3/year and produce 2.854 MWh/year. Using an FPVS to cover parts of Lake Nasser could help manage water resources and energy production for Egypt to overcome the likely shortage of water resources due to population growth. This system could be applied in different locations of the world which could help in increasing water resources and energy production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.
Hany Abd-Elhamid; Ashraf Ahmed; Martina Zeleňáková; Zuzana Vranayová; Ismail Fathy. Reservoir Management by Reducing Evaporation Using Floating Photovoltaic System: A Case Study of Lake Nasser, Egypt. Water 2021, 13, 769 .
AMA StyleHany Abd-Elhamid, Ashraf Ahmed, Martina Zeleňáková, Zuzana Vranayová, Ismail Fathy. Reservoir Management by Reducing Evaporation Using Floating Photovoltaic System: A Case Study of Lake Nasser, Egypt. Water. 2021; 13 (6):769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHany Abd-Elhamid; Ashraf Ahmed; Martina Zeleňáková; Zuzana Vranayová; Ismail Fathy. 2021. "Reservoir Management by Reducing Evaporation Using Floating Photovoltaic System: A Case Study of Lake Nasser, Egypt." Water 13, no. 6: 769.
Changes in riverine hydrography and reduced aquifer recharge due to projected climate changes in arid and semi-arid regions are the main issues of water supply, especially in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Continuous degradation results from reduced Nile water flow, poor management of groundwater extraction, and human activities throughout the Nile’s course and drainage channels. Contamination of this water with heavy metals and dissolved organic solids reduces the quality of this water, which increases the price of treatment. River Bank Filtration (RBF) is a water treatment technology used for improving the quality of drinking water taken from polluted rivers where abstraction wells are installed on the banks. This study was applied to the RBF site at Embaba, Nile Delta, Egypt using the numerical code MT3D. The study was simulated and calibrated for the current situation and number of scenarios to investigate the effect of climatic changes on RBF sustainability. Four scenarios were simulated to identify and estimate the RBF portion and the total water travel time from the river to the wells. The first scenario involves a reduction in river stages, the second a decrease in aquifer recharge, the third a combination of the first two scenarios, and the fourth scenario combines scenarios 1, 2, and 3. The results indicate that the RBF portion decreased from 67.42% in the base case to 35.46% and 64.99% with a reduction in river stage by 75% from the base case and a decrease in aquifer recharge from 182.50 (base case) to 50 mm per year, respectively. Moreover, the RBF portion increased to reach 87.75% with a reduction in the General Head Boundary of 75% from the base case, while the combination of the three scenarios decreased the RBF portion to 67.24%. Finally, the water supply systems in arid and semi-arid regions should be extended by installing and operating RBF facilities to manage the negative effects of climatic change through reduction in river stages and aquifer recharge, and increasing abstraction due to overpopulation.
Ismail Abd-Elaty; Hala Ghanayem; Martina Zeleňáková; Peter Mésároš; Osama Saleh. Numerical Investigation for Riverbank Filtration Sustainability Considering Climatic Changes in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions; Case Study of RBF Site at Embaba, Nile Delta, Egypt. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1897 .
AMA StyleIsmail Abd-Elaty, Hala Ghanayem, Martina Zeleňáková, Peter Mésároš, Osama Saleh. Numerical Investigation for Riverbank Filtration Sustainability Considering Climatic Changes in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions; Case Study of RBF Site at Embaba, Nile Delta, Egypt. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1897.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail Abd-Elaty; Hala Ghanayem; Martina Zeleňáková; Peter Mésároš; Osama Saleh. 2021. "Numerical Investigation for Riverbank Filtration Sustainability Considering Climatic Changes in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions; Case Study of RBF Site at Embaba, Nile Delta, Egypt." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1897.
The current study presents a detailed evaluation and comparison between two integrated anaerobic–aerobic systems for biological wastewater treatment under equal conditions in all aspects (wastewater characteristics, climatic conditions, reactor sizing, and even the measurement methods). The two examined systems are (i) a hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (hybrid UASB) coupled with integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and (ii) a conventional UASB coupled with activated sludge (AS). The present comparative study aims to evaluate and assess the effect of adding carrier-filling media on the performance of the classical integrated UASB-AS. The two parallel pilot-scale systems, hybrid UASB-IFAS and UASB-AS, were installed and operated at a wastewater treatment plant. Three sets of experiments were conducted to examine the influence of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the consequent organic and hydraulic loads, temperature, and recirculation rate of the proposed systems. The main results showed that the two investigated systems had a comparably high efficiency for the removal of organic matters and ammonia. Moreover, a paired sample t-test indicated there was a statistically significant effect of the filling media, and the performance of the hybrid UASB-IFAS increased significantly compared with that of the UASB-AS system. An additional benefit of the filling media on the hybrid system was its high stability when changing the organic and hydraulic loads. The optimum HRT was 6 h, with a total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) percentage removal of approximately 95% in both examined systems. Treatment of sewage under high and low temperatures indicated that increasing the temperature improved the efficiency of the overall process for both systems significantly.
Ayman Dohdoh; Ibrahim Hendy; Martina Zelenakova; Ahmed Abdo. Domestic Wastewater Treatment: A Comparison Between an Integrated Hybrid UASB-IFAS System and a Conventional UASB-AS System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1853 .
AMA StyleAyman Dohdoh, Ibrahim Hendy, Martina Zelenakova, Ahmed Abdo. Domestic Wastewater Treatment: A Comparison Between an Integrated Hybrid UASB-IFAS System and a Conventional UASB-AS System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyman Dohdoh; Ibrahim Hendy; Martina Zelenakova; Ahmed Abdo. 2021. "Domestic Wastewater Treatment: A Comparison Between an Integrated Hybrid UASB-IFAS System and a Conventional UASB-AS System." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1853.
Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration is one of the main aspects of water management. In this study, the capabilities of soft computing techniques for estimating daily evapotranspiration in Košice (Slovakia) were investigated. Daily solar radiation (SR), relative humidity (RH), air temperature (T), and wind speed (U) were the meteorological variables used for modeling. Based on the data, different combinations of multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector regression (SVR), multilinear regression (MLR) models were generated. Model results are compared with each other and with the Hargreaves-Samani, Ritchie, and Turc empirical equations using three statistical criteria, namely mean square error (MSE), mean absolute relative error (MAE), and determination coefficient (R2). Of the empirical formulas applied, the Hargreaves-Samani equation gave the most compatible results with the Penman FAO 56 equation. Error percentage histograms were generated as a reference criterion. Model results show that the MLP model performs better than the other soft computing techniques used.
Yunus Ziya Kaya; Martina Zelenakova; Fatih Üneş; Mustafa Demirci; Helena Hlavata; Peter Mesaros. Estimation of daily evapotranspiration in Košice City (Slovakia) using several soft computing techniques. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2021, 144, 287 -298.
AMA StyleYunus Ziya Kaya, Martina Zelenakova, Fatih Üneş, Mustafa Demirci, Helena Hlavata, Peter Mesaros. Estimation of daily evapotranspiration in Košice City (Slovakia) using several soft computing techniques. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2021; 144 (1-2):287-298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunus Ziya Kaya; Martina Zelenakova; Fatih Üneş; Mustafa Demirci; Helena Hlavata; Peter Mesaros. 2021. "Estimation of daily evapotranspiration in Košice City (Slovakia) using several soft computing techniques." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 144, no. 1-2: 287-298.
The paper focuses on assessing the effects of floods on selected components of the environment in the Hornád river basin: the impact of floods on population, water conditions, soil, fauna, flora and their habitats, structure and use of land and landscape, protected areas and their protection zones, the territorial system of ecological stability, urban complexes and land use, cultural and historical heritage, cultural values of an intangible nature, and archaeological and paleontological sites and important geological localities. The assessment was performed using the risk analysis method. The risk index was calculated by summing the products of probabilities and consequences for each impact of flooding on the components of the environment, and the total value of the risk index is 5.5 (average risk). The hazard index was determined by quantification of industrial sources of pollution in the river basin: each source of pollution was assigned a point score; the total hazard is represented by the sum of the points for these sources of pollution, and is equal to 19. The total risk index is then represented by the product of the risk and hazard indices, i.e. 104.5. This value indicates a low level of flood damage risk in the Hornád river basin.
M Zeleňáková; M Šugareková; P Purcz; S Gałaś; M M Portela; H Hlavatá. Risk Analysis and Flood Hazard Assessment in the Hornád River Basin. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021, 656, 012010 .
AMA StyleM Zeleňáková, M Šugareková, P Purcz, S Gałaś, M M Portela, H Hlavatá. Risk Analysis and Flood Hazard Assessment in the Hornád River Basin. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021; 656 (1):012010.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Zeleňáková; M Šugareková; P Purcz; S Gałaś; M M Portela; H Hlavatá. 2021. "Risk Analysis and Flood Hazard Assessment in the Hornád River Basin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 656, no. 1: 012010.